Innovative environmental solution: 'In vivo' monitoring of the oil and gas activities in onshore and offshore areas

To ensure ecologically sustainable development of oil and gas operations, several research projects were promoted to develop and validate an innovative monitoring methodology based on biomarkers, in bioindicator organisms and cell cultures, to assess the environmental quality of on shore and off shore production areas. The biomarker approach, combined with contaminant analysis (hydrocarbons and trace elements), is a suitable strategy for studying effects of pollutants and providing early indications of adverse effects in organisms. The aim of environmental monitoring by means of biomarkers is in fact to identify (diagnosis) and to predict (prognosis) early signs of exposure or effect, so as to avoid undesirable ecological consequences. This monitoring approach has been conducted in different on shore and off-shore sensitive areas: Basilicata Region and Natural Ticino Park (Italy), Mediterranean Sea. Birds, fish, reptiles and invertebrates species were sampled in the studied areas and analyzed for biomarkers and contaminants levels. Laboratory studied were also conducted in a fish model (mosquito fish) and in top predator cell cultures, to evaluate the toxicological potential of oil derivatives (e.g. produced waters) and indentify the most effective depuration procedures. Results led to the identification of the most sensitive biomarkers to typical oil industry contaminants and to the selection of the bioindicators that provided the best responses to the ecotoxicological tests. This methodological approach, that represent an innovative environmental solution, revealed that no significant ecotoxicological effects can be ascribed to monitored on-shore and off-shore activities.