Nectary structure, nectar secretion patterns and nectar composition in two Helleborus species

The morphological and cytological characteristics of nectaries of Helleborus foetidus and H, bocconei during the secretory period are reported. The nectaries are derived from modified petals and secrete nectar continuously for about 20 days; they consist of a single layered epidermis, nectar-producing parenchyma and photosynthesizing parenchyma. Nectar secretion is holocrine and the nectar is released by rupture of the wall and cuticle of each epidermal cell. The nectaries of the two species differ in number and external morphology. In H. foetidus, secretion begins before anthesis and secretion Fate decreases with nectary age. In H. bocconei it begins on the day of anthesis and proceeds ata constant rate. The nectar has a high sugar content, mainly sucrose, and also contains lipids and proteins.