On the rutting behaviour of the Himalayan goral Nemorhaedus goral Hardwicke, 1825

The rutting behaviour of the Himalayan goral Nemorhaedus goral was studied in an area of the Himalayan foothills, Himachal Pradesh, Northern India, from October 13 to 25, 1989. Twenty seven qualitatively different behaviour patterns were observed. Males showed a more extensive repertoire (25 patterns, 14 performed only by this sex) than did females (12 patterns, 1 of them-Reactive urination-unique). The Head butt and the Intentional head butt were the most frequently shown behaviour patterns of both sexes, and Naso-nasal contact followed. Males interacted mainly with females and usually seemed to ignore each other. Courtship activities peaked on October 22-25, when mounts were also recorded. ''Following'' was the only mating system observed. Pairs sometimes courted at short distances from each other, without eliciting any apparent aggressive reaction. No evidence of territoriality was found throughout our study period. The goral behaviour appears to be more closely related to that of Oreamnos (in quality and quantity of behaviour patterns, as well as the mating system) than to that of Capricornis.