A cohort study of art glass workers in the Empoli area

The investigation aimed at studying cause-specific mortality of art glass workers employed in 17 industrial facilities in Tuscany, Italy. A cohort of 3390 workers employed for at least 1 year was obtained from company payrolls. Follow-up was between the year each factory started operations, mostly in the mid-fifties, and the end of 1993. The cause specific expected mortality was computed relative to Tuscany rates, specified for gender, 5-year age groups and calendar year. Separate analyses were carried out for the job titles of makers, batch mixers and grinders. For males, 3180 individuals, the observed mortality for cancer causes was above the expected for the lung [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 123, 10 observed (Obs)], larynx (SMR 166, 10 Obs), stomach (SMR 105, 30 Obs) and brain (SMR 150, 7 Obs). For non-cancer causes observed mortality was above expected for hypertensive diseases (SMR 178, 10 Obs) and diseases of the genitourinary system (SMR 169, 11 Obs). Increases for the above listed causes were shown also among makers. Mortality for larynx and lung cancer increased with time since first exposure and significantly increased SMRs were observed for 21 or more years since first exposure: this pattern was still present with smoking adjustment. The results showed consistently increased mortality for lung and larynx cancer in the overall cohort and among makers. Stomach cancer, brain cancer, hypertensive diseases and diseases of the genitourinary system were also increased in the overall cohort and among makers.