Models for COPD involving cigarette smoke

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Its impact has resulted in dynamic research into the mechanisms involved in the development of this disease and the search for new drugs. In vitro and ex-vivo models of COPD involving cigarette smoke can provide a quick answer to hypotheses and are economical, whereas in vivo models can investigate the pathogenesis of COPD and test potential novel therapeutical approaches. This short review is an attempt to present the advantages and the limitations of the in vitro, ex vivo and some in vivo models of COPD. Every model is valid and has its value when used in the appropriate context.