First database of invertebrate species for scientific research: the contribution of UZI to partial replacement of vertebrate models and implementation of the 3Rs principles

The use of animals in scientific research remains essential for advancing knowledge and generating results that benefit human, animal, and environmental health. However, growing ethical concerns and increasingly stringent regulations, including Directive 2010/63/EU and its national implementations, have stimulated the development of alternative experimental models, particularly as substitutes for vertebrate species. In response to this need, the scientific community has intensified efforts to identify emerging invertebrate species that may serve as reliable experimental models, contributing to the implementation of the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement), while maintaining scientific validity and reproducibility. Within this framework, the Italian Zoological Union (UZI) has promoted the development of the first database dedicated to invertebrate species currently used or potentially suitable for scientific research. Freely accessible through the UZI website at the link https://www.uzionlus.it/news/3002-bioetica-e-benessere-animale.html, the database is continuously updated by experts in the field and provides comprehensive information on species biology, laboratory maintenance requirements, and their potential applicability as experimental models. This initiative also highlights the need for greater protocol standardization and formal regulatory recognition concerning the use of invertebrates in research. In particular, the development of specific guidelines addressing husbandry practices, welfare requirements, and experimental procedures for the most used laboratory invertebrates would represent an important step toward harmonizing research practices. Pending the establishment of a dedicated European regulatory framework that explicitly includes invertebrates within harm–benefit assessments and the application of the 3Rs principles, UZI contributes by collecting, organizing, and disseminating validated methodologies and updated knowledge. This effort aims to improve animal management and welfare practices, enhance the reliability and comparability of experimental outcomes, and support the broader implementation of partial replacement strategies in scientific research. POSTER N° 57