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The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the γ-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known γ-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of followup observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between γ-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE γ-ray flux.
Abhir, J., Biland, A., Brand, K., Bretz, T., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., et al. (2026). Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy gamma-ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 997(2) [10.3847/1538-4357/ae2c4e].
Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy gamma-ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts
Abhir, J.;Biland, A.;Brand, K.;Bretz, T.;Dorner, D.;Eisenberger, L.;Elsaesser, D.;Günther, P.;Hasan, S.;Hildebrand, D.;Mannheim, K.;Linhoff, M.;Pfeifle, F.;Rhode, W.;Schleicher, B.;Sliusar, V.;Vorbrugg, M.;Walter, R.;Aharonian, F.;Ait Benkhali, F.;Aschersleben, J.;Ashkar, H.;Backes, M.;Barbosa Martins, V.;Batzofin, R.;Becherini, Y.;Berge, D.;Böttcher, M.;Boisson, C.;Bolmont, J.;Borowska, J.;Brose, R.;Brown, A.;Brun, F.;Bruno, B.;Casanova, S.;Celic, J.;Cerruti, M.;Chen, A.;Chernyakova, M.;Chibueze, J.;Chibueze, O.;Cornejo, B.;Cotter, G.;Cozzolongo, G.;Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J.;de Assis Scarpin, J.;Delgado Giles, A.;Djannati-Ataï, A.;Djuvsland, J.;Dmytriiev, A.;Egberts, K.;Egg, K.;Einecke, S.;Ernenwein, J. -P.;Escañuela Nieves, C.;Feijen, K.;Filipovic, M.;Fontaine, G.;Funk, S.;Gabici, S.;Glicenstein, J. F.;Goswami, P.;Grolleron, G.;Hess, B.;Hinton, J. A.;Holler, M.;Jamrozy, M.;Jankowsky, F.;Jung-Richardt, I.;Kasai, E.;Katarzyński, K.;Katjaita, H.;Kerszberg, D.;Khatoon, R.;Khélifi, B.;Kluźniak, W.;Komin, Nu.;Konno, R.;Kosack, K.;Kostunin, D.;Kukec Mezek, G.;Lang, R. G.;Lemière, A.;Lemoine-Goumard, M.;Lenain, J. -P.;Luashvili, A.;Mackey, J.;Marandon, V.;Martí-Devesa, G.;Marx, R.;Mayer, M.;Mehta, A.;Mitchell, A.;Moderski, R.;Moghadam, M. O.;Mohrmann, L.;Moulin, E.;de Naurois, M.;Niemiec, J.;de Ona Wilhelmi, E.;Panny, S.;Panter, M.;Parsons, R. D.;Pensec, U.;Pichard, P.;Pühlhofer, G.;Punch, M.;Quirrenbach, A.;Regeard, M.;Reimer, O.;Ren, H.;Rieger, F.;Rowell, G.;Rudak, B.;Sabri, K.;Sahakian, V.;Salzmann, H.;Sasaki, M.;Schäfer, J.;Schüssler, F.;Schutte, H. M.;Senniappan, M.;Shapopi, J. N. S.;Sharma, A.;Sol, H.;Spencer, S.;Stawarz, Ł.;Steenkamp, R.;Steinmassl, S.;Steppa, C.;Takahashi, T.;Tanaka, T.;Taylor, A. M.;Tsirou, M.;van Eldik, C.;Vecchi, M.;Venter, C.;Vink, J.;Wach, T.;Wagner, S. J.;Wierzcholska, A.;Zacharias, M.;Zdziarski, A. A.;Zech, A.;Żywucka, N.;null, null;Abe, S.;Abhir, J.;Abhishek, A.;Aguasca-Cabot, A.;Agudo, I.;Aniello, T.;Ansoldi, S.;Antonelli, L. A.;Arbet Engels, A.;Arcaro, C.;Artero, M.;Asano, K.;Babić, A.;Bakshi, C.;Barres de Almeida, U.;Barrio, J. A.;Barrios-Jiménez, L.;Batković, I.;Baxter, J.;Becerra González, J.;Bednarek, W.;Bernardini, E.;Bernete, J.;Berti, A.;Besenrieder, J.;Bigongiari, C.;Biland, A.;Blanch, O.;Bökenkamp, H.;Bonnoli, G.;Bošnjak, Ž.;Bronzini, E.;Burelli, I.;Campoy-Ordaz, A.;Carosi, A.;Carosi, R.;Carretero-Castrillo, M.;Castro-Tirado, A. J.;Cerasole, D.;Ceribella, G.;Chai, Y.;Chilingarian, A.;Cifuentes, A.;Contreras, J. L.;Cortina, J.;Covino, S.;D'Amico, G.;Da Vela, P.;Dazzi, F.;De Angelis, A.;De Lotto, B.;Delfino, M.;Delgado Mendez, C.;Di Pierro, F.;Di Tria, R.;Di Venere, L.;Dinesh, A.;Dominis Prester, D.;Donini, A.;Dorner, D.;Doro, M.;Eisenberger, L.;Elsaesser, D.;Escudero, J.;Fariña, L.;Fattorini, A.;Foffano, L.;Font, L.;Fröse, S.;Fukazawa, Y.;Gasparyan, S.;Gaug, M.;Giesbrecht Paiva, J. G.;Giglietto, N.;Giordano, F.;Gliwny, P.;Godinović, N.;Gradetzke, T.;Grau, R.;Green, D.;Green, J. G.;Günther, P.;Hadasch, D.;Hahn, A.;Hassan, T.;Heckmann, L.;Hrupec, D.;Imazawa, R.;Israyelyan, D.;Jiménez Martínez, I.;Jiménez Quiles, J.;Jormanainen, J.;Kankkunen, S.;Kayanoki, T.;Kerszberg, D.;Konrad, J.;Kouch, P. M.;Kubo, H.;Kushida, J.;Láinez, M.;Lamastra, A.;Lindfors, E.;Lombardi, S.;Longo, F.;López-Coto, R.;López-Moya, M.;López-Oramas, A.;Loporchio, S.;Lulić, L.;Lyard, E.;Majumdar, P.;Makariev, M.;Mallamaci, M.;Maneva, G.;Manganaro, M.;Mangano, S.;Marchesi, S.;Mariotti, M.;Martínez, M.;Maruševec, P.;Mas-Aguilar, A.;Mazin, D.;Menchiari, S.;Méndez Gallego, J.;Miceli, D.;Miranda, J. M.;Mirzoyan, R.;Molero González, M.;Molina, E.;Mondal, H. A.;Moralejo, A.;Nakamori, T.;Nanci, C.;Neustroev, V.;Nievas Rosillo, M.;Nigro, C.;Nikolić, L.;Nilsson, K.;Nishijima, K.;Noda, K.;Nozaki, S.;Okumura, A.;Otero-Santos, J.;Paiano, S.;Paneque, D.;Paredes, J. M.;Peresano, M.;Persic, M.;Pihet, M.;Podobnik, F.;Prada Moroni, P. G.;Prandini, E.;Ribó, M.;Rico, J.;Saito, T.;Sakurai, S.;Satalecka, K.;Saturni, F. G.;Schmitz, K.;Schmuckermaier, F.;Schubert, J. L.;Sciaccaluga, A.;Silvestri, G.;Sitarek, J.;Sliusar, V.;Sobczynska, D.;Stamerra, A.;Strišković, J.;Strom, D.;Strzys, M.;Suda, Y.;Tajima, H.;Takahashi, M.;Takeishi, R.;Temnikov, P.;Terauchi, K.;Terzić, T.;Tutone, A.;Ubach, S.;van Scherpenberg, J.;Vazquez Acosta, M.;Ventura, S.;Verna, G.;Viale, I.;Vigliano, A.;Vigorito, C. F.;Visentin, E.;Vitale, V.;Vovk, I.;Walter, R.;Wersig, F.;Will, M.;Yamamoto, T.;Yeung, P. K. H.;Yoo, S.;null, null;Acharyya, A.;Archer, A.;Bangale, P.;Bartkoske, J. T.;Benbow, W.;Buckley, J. H.;Chen, Y.;Christiansen, J. L.;Chromey, A. J.;Errando, M.;Feldman, S.;Feng, Q.;Filbert, S.;Fortson, L.;Furniss, A.;Hanlon, W.;Hervet, O.;Hinrichs, C. E.;Holder, J.;Hughes, Z.;Humensky, T. B.;Jin, W.;Johnson, M. N.;Kaaret, P.;Kertzman, M.;Kherlakian, M.;Kieda, D.;Kleiner, T. K.;Korzoun, N.;Lang, M. J.;Lundy, M.;Maier, G.;Millard, M. J.;Millis, J.;Moriarty, P.;Mukherjee, R.;Ning, W.;Ong, R. A.;Pandey, A.;Pohl, M.;Quinn, J.;Rabinowitz, P. L.;Ragan, K.;Reynolds, P. T.;Ribeiro, D.;Roache, E.;Sadeh, I.;Sadun, A. C.;Saha, L.;Santander, M.;Sembroski, G. H.;Shang, R.;Tak, D.;Talluri, A. K.;Tucci, J. V.;Valverde, J.;Vassiliev, V. V.;Williams, D. A.;Wong, S. L.;null, null;Buson, S.;null, null;Abbasi, R.;Ackermann, M.;Adams, J.;Agarwalla, S. K.;Aguilar, J. A.;Ahlers, M.;Alameddine, J. M.;Ali, S.;Amin, N. M.;Andeen, K.;Argüelles, C.;Ashida, Y.;Athanasiadou, S.;Axani, S. N.;Babu, R.;Bai, X.;Baines-Holmes, J.;Balagopal V. , A.;Barwick, S. W.;Bash, S.;Basu, V.;Bay, R.;Beatty, J. J.;Becker Tjus, J.;Behrens, P.;Beise, J.;Bellenghi, C.;Benkel, B.;BenZvi, S.;Berley, D.;Bernardini, E.;Besson, D. Z.;Blaufuss, E.;Bloom, L.;Blot, S.;Bodo, I.;Bontempo, F.;Book Motzkin, J. Y.;Boscolo Meneguolo, C.;Böser, S.;Botner, O.;Böttcher, J.;Braun, J.;Brinson, B.;Brisson-Tsavoussis, Z.;Burley, R. T.;Butterfield, D.;Campana, M. A.;Carloni, K.;Carpio, J.;Chattopadhyay, S.;Chau, N.;Chen, Z.;Chirkin, D.;Choi, S.;Clark, B. A.;Coleman, A.;Coleman, P.;Collin, G. H.;Coloma Borja, D. A.;Connolly, A.;Conrad, J. M.;Cowen, D. F.;De Clercq, C.;DeLaunay, J. J.;Delgado, D.;Delmeulle, T.;Deng, S.;Desiati, P.;de Vries, K. D.;de Wasseige, G.;DeYoung, T.;Díaz-Vélez, J. C.;DiKerby, S.;Ding, T.;Dittmer, M.;Domi, A.;Draper, L.;Dueser, L.;Durnford, D.;Dutta, K.;DuVernois, M. A.;Ehrhardt, T.;Eidenschink, L.;Eimer, A.;Eller, P.;Ellinger, E.;Elsässer, D.;Engel, R.;Erpenbeck, H.;Esmail, W.;Eulig, S.;Evans, J.;Evenson, P. A.;Fan, K. L.;Fang, K.;Farrag, K.;Fazely, A. R.;Fedynitch, A.;Feigl, N.;Finley, C.;Fischer, L.;Fox, D.;Franckowiak, A.;Fukami, S.;Fürst, P.;Gallagher, J.;Ganster, E.;Garcia, A.;Garcia, M.;Garg, G.;Genton, E.;Gerhardt, L.;Ghadimi, A.;Glaser, C.;Glüsenkamp, T.;Gonzalez, J. G.;Goswami, S.;Granados, A.;Grant, D.;Gray, S. J.;Griffin, S.;Griswold, S.;Groth, K. M.;Guevel, D.;Günther, C.;Gutjahr, P.;Ha, C.;Haack, C.;Hallgren, A.;Halve, L.;Halzen, F.;Hamacher, L.;Ha Minh, M.;Handt, M.;Hanson, K.;Hardin, J.;Harnisch, A. A.;Hatch, P.;Haungs, A.;Häussler, J.;Helbing, K.;Hellrung, J.;Henke, B.;Hennig, L.;Henningsen, F.;Heuermann, L.;Hewett, R.;Heyer, N.;Hickford, S.;Hidvegi, A.;Hill, C.;Hill, G. C.;Hmaid, R.;Hoffman, K. D.;Hooper, D.;Hori, S.;Hoshina, K.;Hostert, M.;Hou, W.;Hrywniak, M.;Huber, T.;Hultqvist, K.;Hymon, K.;Ishihara, A.;Iwakiri, W.;Jacquart, M.;Jain, S.;Janik, O.;Jansson, M.;Jeong, M.;Jin, M.;Kamp, N.;Kang, D.;Kang, W.;Kang, X.;Kappes, A.;Kardum, L.;Karg, T.;Karl, M.;Karle, A.;Katil, A.;Kauer, M.;Kelley, J. L.;Khanal, M.;Khatee Zathul, A.;Kheirandish, A.;Kimku, H.;Kiryluk, J.;Klein, C.;Klein, S. R.;Kobayashi, Y.;Kochocki, A.;Koirala, R.;Kolanoski, H.;Kontrimas, T.;Köpke, L.;Kopper, C.;Koskinen, D. J.;Koundal, P.;Kowalski, M.;Kozynets, T.;Kravka, A.;Krieger, N.;Krishnamoorthi, J.;Krishnan, T.;Kruiswijk, K.;Krupczak, E.;Kumar, A.;Kun, E.;Kurahashi, N.;Lad, N.;Lagunas Gualda, C.;Lallement Arnaud, L.;Lamoureux, M.;Larson, M. J.;Lauber, F.;Lazar, J. P.;Leonard DeHolton, K.;Leszczyńska, A.;Liao, J.;Lin, C.;Liu, Y. T.;Liubarska, M.;Love, C.;Lu, L.;Lucarelli, F.;Luszczak, W.;Lyu, Y.;Macdonald, M.;Madsen, J.;Magnus, E.;Makino, Y.;Manao, E.;Mancina, S.;Mand, A.;Mariş, I. C.;Marka, S.;Marka, Z.;Marten, L.;Martinez-Soler, I.;Maruyama, R.;Mauro, J.;Mayhew, F.;McNally, F.;Mead, J. V.;Meagher, K.;Mechbal, S.;Medina, A.;Meier, M.;Merckx, Y.;Merten, L.;Mitchell, J.;Molchany, L.;Mondal, S.;Montaruli, T.;Moore, R. W.;Morii, Y.;Mosbrugger, A.;Moulai, M.;Mousadi, D.;Moyaux, E.;Mukherjee, T.;Naab, R.;Nakos, M.;Naumann, U.;Necker, J.;Neste, L.;Neumann, M.;Niederhausen, H.;Nisa, M. U.;Noda, K.;Noell, A.;Novikov, A.;Obertacke, A.;O'Dell, V.;Olivas, A.;Orsoe, R.;Osborn, J.;O'Sullivan, E.;Palusova, V.;Pandya, H.;Parenti, A.;Park, N.;Parrish, V.;Paudel, E. N.;Paul, L.;Pérez de los Heros, C.;Pernice, T.;Petersen, T. C.;Peterson, J.;Plum, M.;Pontén, A.;Poojyam, V.;Popovych, Y.;Prado Rodriguez, M.;Pries, B.;Procter-Murphy, R.;Przybylski, G. T.;Pyras, L.;Raab, C.;Rack-Helleis, J.;Rad, N.;Ravn, M.;Rawlins, K.;Rechav, Z.;Rehman, A.;Reistroffer, I.;Resconi, E.;Reusch, S.;Rho, C. D.;Rhode, W.;Ricca, L.;Riedel, B.;Rifaie, A.;Roberts, E. J.;Rongen, M.;Rosted, A.;Rott, C.;Ruhe, T.;Ruohan, L.;Ryckbosch, D.;Saffer, J.;Salazar-Gallegos, D.;Sampathkumar, P.;Sandrock, A.;Sanger-Johnson, G.;Santander, M.;Sarkar, S.;Savelberg, J.;Scarnera, M.;Schaile, P.;Schaufel, M.;Schieler, H.;Schindler, S.;Schlickmann, L.;Schlüter, B.;Schlüter, F.;Schmeisser, N.;Schmidt, T.;Schröder, F. G.;Schumacher, L.;Schwirn, S.;Sclafani, S.;Seckel, D.;Seen, L.;Seikh, M.;Seunarine, S.;Sevle Myhr, P. A.;Shah, R.;Shefali, S.;Shimizu, N.;Skrzypek, B.;Snihur, R.;Soedingrekso, J.;Sègaard, A.;Soldin, D.;Soldin, P.;Sommani, G.;Spannfellner, C.;Spiczak, G. M.;Spiering, C.;Stachurska, J.;Stamatikos, M.;Stanev, T.;Stezelberger, T.;Stürwald, T.;Stuttard, T.;Sullivan, G. W.;Taboada, I.;Ter-Antonyan, S.;Terliuk, A.;Thakuri, A.;Thiesmeyer, M.;Thompson, W. G.;Thwaites, J.;Tilav, S.;Tollefson, K.;Toscano, S.;Tosi, D.;Trettin, A.;Upadhyay, A. K.;Upshaw, K.;Vaidyanathan, A.;Valtonen-Mattila, N.;Valverde, J.;Vandenbroucke, J.;Van Eeden, T.;van Eijndhoven, N.;Van Rootselaar, L.;van Santen, J.;Vara, J.;Varsi, F.;Venugopal, M.;Vereecken, M.;Vergara Carrasco, S.;Verpoest, S.;Veske, D.;Vijai, A.;Villarreal, J.;Walck, C.;Wang, A.;Warrick, E. H. S.;Weaver, C.;Weigel, P.;Weindl, A.;Weldert, J.;Wen, A. Y.;Wendt, C.;Werthebach, J.;Weyrauch, M.;Whitehorn, N.;Wiebusch, C. H.;Williams, D. R.;Witthaus, L.;Wolf, M.;Wrede, G.;Xu, X. W.;Yanez, J. P.;Yao, Y.;Yildizci, E.;Yoshida, S.;Young, R.;Yu, F.;Yu, S.;Yuan, T.;Zander Jurowitzki, A.;Zegarelli, A.;Zhang, S.;Zhang, Z.;Zhelnin, P.;Zilberman, P.;D'Ammando, F.
2026-01-01
Abstract
The search for sources of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be significantly advanced through a multimessenger approach, which seeks to detect the γ-rays that accompany neutrinos as they are produced at their sources. Multimessenger observations have so far provided the first evidence for a neutrino source, illustrated by the joint detection of the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056 in high-energy (E > 1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-rays in coincidence with the high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A, identified by IceCube. Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), namely FACT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS, continue to conduct extensive neutrino target-of-opportunity follow-up programs. These programs have two components: follow-up observations of single astrophysical neutrino candidate events (such as IceCube-170922A), and observation of known γ-ray sources after the identification of a cluster of neutrino events by IceCube. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of followup observations of high-energy neutrino events observed by the four IACTs between 2017 September (after the IceCube-170922A event) and 2021 January. Our study found no associations between γ-ray sources and the observed neutrino events. We provide a detailed overview of each neutrino event and its potential counterparts. Furthermore, a joint analysis of all IACT data is included, yielding combined upper limits on the VHE γ-ray flux.
Abhir, J., Biland, A., Brand, K., Bretz, T., Dorner, D., Eisenberger, L., et al. (2026). Prompt Searches for Very-high-energy gamma-ray Counterparts to IceCube Astrophysical Neutrino Alerts. THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 997(2) [10.3847/1538-4357/ae2c4e].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1323496
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simulazione ASN
Il report seguente simula gli indicatori relativi alla propria produzione scientifica in relazione alle soglie ASN 2023-2025 del proprio SC/SSD. Si ricorda che il superamento dei valori soglia (almeno 2 su 3) è requisito necessario ma non sufficiente al conseguimento dell'abilitazione. La simulazione si basa sui dati IRIS e sugli indicatori bibliometrici alla data indicata e non tiene conto di eventuali periodi di congedo obbligatorio, che in sede di domanda ASN danno diritto a incrementi percentuali dei valori. La simulazione può differire dall'esito di un’eventuale domanda ASN sia per errori di catalogazione e/o dati mancanti in IRIS, sia per la variabilità dei dati bibliometrici nel tempo. Si consideri che Anvur calcola i valori degli indicatori all'ultima data utile per la presentazione delle domande.
La presente simulazione è stata realizzata sulla base delle specifiche raccolte sul tavolo ER del Focus Group IRIS coordinato dall’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e delle regole riportate nel DM 589/2018 e allegata Tabella A. Cineca, l’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia e il Focus Group IRIS non si assumono alcuna responsabilità in merito all’uso che il diretto interessato o terzi faranno della simulazione. Si specifica inoltre che la simulazione contiene calcoli effettuati con dati e algoritmi di pubblico dominio e deve quindi essere considerata come un mero ausilio al calcolo svolgibile manualmente o con strumenti equivalenti.
