On the centenary of Ivan Illich’s birth (1926-2002), this article re-examines his critique of the medicalization of society, starting from Medical Nemesis (1976) and the theoretical framework of conviviality, deschooling, and the genealogy of needs. The central thesis argues that care in Illich’s thought is not a mere polemic against modern medicine, but a radical critique of the professional administration of the human experience, which transforms suffering and death into technical problems delegated to experts. By analyzing clinical, social, and cultural iatrogenesis, this contribution illustrates the expropriation of health, understood as an autonomous capacity for responsibility. By bringing into dialogue key works - including Deschooling Society (1971), Tools for Conviviality (1973) and Toward a History of Needs (1978) - and recent contributions on the Illichian legacy, the article highlights the continuity of a critique involving medicine, schooling and technology. In conclusion, Illichian thought emerges as a crucial resource for a pedagogy of care based on limits, reciprocity, and the restoration of competencies to individuals, families, and communities.
Nel centenario della nascita di Ivan Illich (1926-2002), l’articolo rilegge la sua critica alla medicalizzazione della società, muovendo da Nemesi medica (1976) e dal quadro teorico di convivialità, descolarizzazione e genealogia dei bisogni. La tesi centrale sostiene che la cura in Illich non sia una semplice polemica contro la medicina moderna, ma una critica radicale all’amministrazione professionale dell’umano, che trasforma sofferenza e morte in problemi tecnici delegati agli esperti. Analizzando la iatrogenesi clinica, sociale e culturale, il contributo illustra l’espropriazione della salute intesa come capacità autonoma di responsabilità. Mettendo in dialogo le opere chiave - tra cui Descolarizzare la società (1971), La convivialità (1973) e Per una storia dei bisogni (1978) - e contributi recenti sull’eredità illichiana, si evidenzia la continuità di una critica che investe medicina, scuola e tecnologia. In conclusione, il pensiero illichiano emerge come risorsa cruciale per una pedagogia della cura fondata su limite, reciprocità e restituzione di competenze a soggetti, famiglie e comunità.
Orefice, C. (2026). L’autonomia della cura nel centenario di Ivan Illich. Per una critica dello sguardo istituzionale. JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE EDUCATION IN PRACTICE, 8(1), 101-108 [10.25430/pupj-jhcep-2026-1-11].
L’autonomia della cura nel centenario di Ivan Illich. Per una critica dello sguardo istituzionale.
Carlo Orefice
2026-01-01
Abstract
On the centenary of Ivan Illich’s birth (1926-2002), this article re-examines his critique of the medicalization of society, starting from Medical Nemesis (1976) and the theoretical framework of conviviality, deschooling, and the genealogy of needs. The central thesis argues that care in Illich’s thought is not a mere polemic against modern medicine, but a radical critique of the professional administration of the human experience, which transforms suffering and death into technical problems delegated to experts. By analyzing clinical, social, and cultural iatrogenesis, this contribution illustrates the expropriation of health, understood as an autonomous capacity for responsibility. By bringing into dialogue key works - including Deschooling Society (1971), Tools for Conviviality (1973) and Toward a History of Needs (1978) - and recent contributions on the Illichian legacy, the article highlights the continuity of a critique involving medicine, schooling and technology. In conclusion, Illichian thought emerges as a crucial resource for a pedagogy of care based on limits, reciprocity, and the restoration of competencies to individuals, families, and communities.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1321814
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