Systemic lupus erythematosus: one year in review 2024

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is classically regarded as the landmark of systemic autoimmune diseases, characterised by protean, multi-systemic manifestations and a highly variable clinical course. Over the last years, both clinical and translational clinical research efforts led to significant steps forward in management and treatment of SLE. However, numerous aspects of SLE, from pathogenesis to treatment, still remain challenging, and several unmet needs persist for both patients and physicians. Following the previous annual reviews of this series, herewith, we aim to report the most relevant new updates on SLE, issued in 2023. In particular, we focused on biomarkers, clinical aspects and outcomes, comorbidities, as well as new treatment targets and real-world evidence.