Valorization of agrifood systems through geographical traceability, by-products recovery and novel fortified foods

This doctoral thesis explores advanced analytical and material science approaches to enhance the quality, sustainability, and nutritional value of agrifood products. The research is structured around three complementary areas: Geographical Traceability: To combat agricultural counterfeiting, a multivariate model was developed to certify the origin of olive leaves and drupes. By integrating metabolomic profiles (HPLC-DAD) and trace metal analysis (ICP-MS), the study successfully correlated soil mineral content with the distinct chemical characteristics of the final products. Sustainable Biofumigation: As an eco-friendly alternative to toxic soil fumigants, biocompatible carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogels were synthesized and loaded with Brassicaceae extract. Characterized via DSC, rheometry, and SEM, these systems demonstrated efficient encapsulation and controlled release of biocidal glucosinolates, with potential applications in agriculture and cultural heritage conservation. Food Fortification: To improve dietary health, the study evaluated Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa) as a functional food ingredient. Preliminary research focused on characterizing its secondary metabolites—particularly antioxidant polyphenols—highlighting its potential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases through food fortification. Collectively, this work provides multidisciplinary solutions for a safer, healthier, and more sustainable agrifood sector.