A story of transformation: Tacitus, Vespasian, and the search for imperial leadership

Tacitus famously claimed that, despite his ‘uncertain reputation’ before the ascension to power, Vespasian ‘alone of all the emperors who preceded him was changed for the better’ (Hist. 1.50). Scholars have mainly focused on the emperor’s qualities and achievements, with comparatively less attention being paid to his reputation and transformation. This paper deals with the concept of mutatio in Tacitus, drawing comparisons between Vespasian and other pivotal figures in the politics of his era. The emperor’s transformation provides valuable insights into Tacitus’ views on political leadership, offering yet another perspective on the imperial discourse, which he primarily aimed at his fellow senators.