Artificial intelligence could assume the guise of a tyrant, hidden behind an apparent facade of democracy, a glittering shell of statistical and arithmetic bytes. This very disguised nature, however, would make it even more dangerous. To pursue this goal, it would be easy to identify fiscal interest as the new Trojan horse, the tool to fortify power and weaken rights. This paper, in light of the principles of the constitutional state, aims to demonstrate how tax interest cannot be defined as a legal principle, but rather as a political or ideological category, and therefore excluded from the balancing process. This balancing must, in fact, occur between the duty to contribute, which cannot be traced back to that interest, and subjective rights. In a renewed vision of the tax phenomenon, however, there is no real contradiction between rights and duties. In the constitutional state, rights and duties do not clash, leaving fragments of themselves on the battlefield, but merge to form a new legal reality, a “third” and axiologically superior interest, constitutive of the pactum unionis and therefore definable as a “general interest,” predisposed to achieving “substantial justice in taxation” through the recognition of rights as having an essential, incompressible core and duties as having an inviolable boundary. The most profound risk posed by AI is that of overturning these boundaries and compromising the constitutional balance.

In un futuro assai prossimo l’intelligenza artificiale potrebbe assumere le sembianze sostanziali di un “tiranno”, pur presentandosi con vesti di illusoria democraticita`. Questa camuffata natura la rende particolarmente insidiosa anche in ambito tributario, potendo compromettere i princı`pi posti a presidio delle liberta` individuali, comprese quelle economiche. In questo contesto, l’interesse fiscale potrebbe diventare il nuovo cavallo di Troia a disposizione del potere coercitivo. Il presente contributo si propone di rendere manifesto come lo stato costituzionale, a differenza dello stato legislativo, non consenta di elevare a principio un siffatto interesse, confinandolo in categoria politica o ideologica. Anche il procedimento di bilanciamento, percio`, non puo` che avvenire tra dovere contributivo, in se´ diverso e non riconducibile a quell’interesse, e diritti soggettivi. Il contributo intende poi dimostrare come in una rinnovata visione del fenomeno tributario non sussista un’effettiva contrapposizione fra diritti e doveri giacche´, privilegiando i princı`pi dello stato costituzionale, questi non si scontrano per lasciare sul terreno della lotta brandelli di se´, ma si fondono per formare una nuova realta` giuridica, un interesse “terzo” e assiologicamente superiore, costitutivo del pactum unionis e per questo definibile come “interesse generale”. Interesse predisposto al raggiungimento della “giustizia sostanziale nell’imposizione” mediante il riconoscimento ai diritti di un nucleo essenziale incomprimibile e al dovere contributivo di un confine inderogabile. Il rischio piu` profondo che l’IA comporta e` quello di compromettere questi limiti e di incrinare l’equilibrio costituzionale delle garanzie.

Giovannini, A. (2025). Sapresti spiegarmi cos'è la giustizia? (Un discorso su interesse fiscale e IA). DIRITTO E PRATICA TRIBUTARIA, 45(5), 1803-1819.

Sapresti spiegarmi cos'è la giustizia? (Un discorso su interesse fiscale e IA)

Alessandro Giovannini
2025-01-01

Abstract

Artificial intelligence could assume the guise of a tyrant, hidden behind an apparent facade of democracy, a glittering shell of statistical and arithmetic bytes. This very disguised nature, however, would make it even more dangerous. To pursue this goal, it would be easy to identify fiscal interest as the new Trojan horse, the tool to fortify power and weaken rights. This paper, in light of the principles of the constitutional state, aims to demonstrate how tax interest cannot be defined as a legal principle, but rather as a political or ideological category, and therefore excluded from the balancing process. This balancing must, in fact, occur between the duty to contribute, which cannot be traced back to that interest, and subjective rights. In a renewed vision of the tax phenomenon, however, there is no real contradiction between rights and duties. In the constitutional state, rights and duties do not clash, leaving fragments of themselves on the battlefield, but merge to form a new legal reality, a “third” and axiologically superior interest, constitutive of the pactum unionis and therefore definable as a “general interest,” predisposed to achieving “substantial justice in taxation” through the recognition of rights as having an essential, incompressible core and duties as having an inviolable boundary. The most profound risk posed by AI is that of overturning these boundaries and compromising the constitutional balance.
2025
Giovannini, A. (2025). Sapresti spiegarmi cos'è la giustizia? (Un discorso su interesse fiscale e IA). DIRITTO E PRATICA TRIBUTARIA, 45(5), 1803-1819.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1305134