The valorisation of agro-industrial wastes has emerged as a cost-effective and sustainable approach for the development of functional food and health-promoting products. Among the by-products of winemaking, grapevine leaves are produced in large quantities but are typically left in the vineyard, to decompose and replenish soil nutrients. However, Vitis vinifera leaves have demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This doctoral research explores the valorization of Sagrantino cv leaves as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds with potential cardiovascular applications. Through an integrative approach combining phytochemical analysis and functional ex vivo studies, both conventional solvent extracts and plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) were characterized for their chemical composition and vasoactive properties. Using green extraction technologies, multiple extracts were obtained and chemically profiled via UHPLC-HRMS analysis and 1H-NMR, revealing the presence of polyphenols, sugars, amino acids, and other bioactive metabolites. When tested on isolated rat aorta rings, the extracts exhibited concentration-dependent vasorelaxation primarily mediated by endothelium-dependent mechanisms and demonstrated a hormetic response at higher concentrations. Variations in biological activity were closely linked to the choice of extraction solvent and methodology. Moreover, nanovesicles and microvesicles were isolated from Sagrantino leaves and characterized through Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. These vesicles also promoted vasorelaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings and showed significant inhibition of Ba2+ currents through CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting a direct interaction with these channels. Together, the findings highlight the dual potential of both phytochemicals and vesicle-based systems derived from grape leaves as promising candidates for the development of nutraceutical or therapeutic strategies targeting vascular health. Within a circular economy framework, this study supports the revalorization of agricultural waste through sustainable biotechnological processes, providing a replicable model for other sectors of the agri-food industry.
La valorizzazione dei residui agro-industriali è emersa come un approccio sostenibile ed economicamente vantaggioso per lo sviluppo di alimenti funzionali e prodotti benefici per la salute. Tra i sottoprodotti della vinificazione, le foglie di vite sono prodotte in grandi quantità ma generalmente lasciate in vigneto, dove si decompongono per reintegrare i nutrienti del suolo. Tuttavia, le foglie di Vitis vinifera hanno dimostrato promettenti proprietà antinfiammatorie e antiossidanti. Questo dottorato di ricerca esplora la valorizzazione delle foglie del vitigno Sagrantino come fonte sostenibile di composti bioattivi con potenziali applicazioni cardiovascolari. Attraverso un approccio integrato che combina analisi fitochimiche e studi funzionali ex vivo, sono stati caratterizzati sia estratti convenzionali ottenuti con solventi, sia vescicole extracellulari di origine vegetale (PDEVs), valutandone la composizione chimica e le proprietà vasoattive. Utilizzando tecnologie di estrazione green, sono stati ottenuti diversi estratti, successivamente caratterizzati mediante UHPLC-HRMS e spettroscopia 1H-NMR, che hanno evidenziato la presenza di polifenoli, zuccheri, amminoacidi e altri metaboliti bioattivi. Testati su anelli isolati di aorta di ratto, gli estratti hanno mostrato un effetto vasorilassante concentrazione-dipendente, mediato principalmente da meccanismi endotelio-dipendenti, e una risposta ormetica alle concentrazioni più elevate. Le variazioni nell'attività biologica sono risultate strettamente legate alla scelta del solvente e alla metodologia di estrazione utilizzata. Inoltre, sono state isolate nanovescicole e microvescicole dalle foglie di Sagrantino e caratterizzate mediante Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Microscopia Elettronica a Trasmissione e spettroscopia NMR. Anche queste vescicole hanno indotto vasorilassamento in anelli di aorta precontratti con fenilefrina e hanno mostrato una significativa inibizione delle correnti di Ba2+ attraverso i canali CaV1.2 nelle cellule della muscolatura liscia vascolare, suggerendo un'interazione diretta con tali canali. Nel complesso, i risultati evidenziano il duplice potenziale dei fitochimici e dei sistemi basati su vescicole derivati dalle foglie di vite come candidati promettenti per lo sviluppo di strategie nutraceutiche o terapeutiche mirate alla salute vascolare. All'interno di un modello di economia circolare, questo studio promuove la valorizzazione degli scarti agricoli tramite processi biotecnologici sostenibili, offrendo un modello replicabile per altri settori dell'industria agroalimentare.
Panti, A. (2025). Sagrantino vine cv. leaves extracts, micro and nanovesicles: chemical characterization and ex vivo evaluation of vasoactive properties [10.25434/panti-alice_phd2025].
Sagrantino vine cv. leaves extracts, micro and nanovesicles: chemical characterization and ex vivo evaluation of vasoactive properties
Panti, Alice
2025-01-01
Abstract
The valorisation of agro-industrial wastes has emerged as a cost-effective and sustainable approach for the development of functional food and health-promoting products. Among the by-products of winemaking, grapevine leaves are produced in large quantities but are typically left in the vineyard, to decompose and replenish soil nutrients. However, Vitis vinifera leaves have demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This doctoral research explores the valorization of Sagrantino cv leaves as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds with potential cardiovascular applications. Through an integrative approach combining phytochemical analysis and functional ex vivo studies, both conventional solvent extracts and plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) were characterized for their chemical composition and vasoactive properties. Using green extraction technologies, multiple extracts were obtained and chemically profiled via UHPLC-HRMS analysis and 1H-NMR, revealing the presence of polyphenols, sugars, amino acids, and other bioactive metabolites. When tested on isolated rat aorta rings, the extracts exhibited concentration-dependent vasorelaxation primarily mediated by endothelium-dependent mechanisms and demonstrated a hormetic response at higher concentrations. Variations in biological activity were closely linked to the choice of extraction solvent and methodology. Moreover, nanovesicles and microvesicles were isolated from Sagrantino leaves and characterized through Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. These vesicles also promoted vasorelaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted aortic rings and showed significant inhibition of Ba2+ currents through CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle cells, suggesting a direct interaction with these channels. Together, the findings highlight the dual potential of both phytochemicals and vesicle-based systems derived from grape leaves as promising candidates for the development of nutraceutical or therapeutic strategies targeting vascular health. Within a circular economy framework, this study supports the revalorization of agricultural waste through sustainable biotechnological processes, providing a replicable model for other sectors of the agri-food industry.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1297515
