Insights into the role of cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in Alzheimer's disease: A commentary on recent findings

: We read the study by Bruno et al. (2025), which highlights the interplay between neuroinflammation and cortical activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their findings on IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-12 levels and their association with EEG alterations complement our recent research on IL-6, GDF-15, and neuronal damage. We discuss the implications of IL-8 in blood-brain barrier permeability and neurodegeneration, the role of APOE4 in epilepsy-related phenotypes, and the need for better patient stratification. Future studies should explore these inflammatory pathways to clarify the relationship between neurodegeneration and interictal epileptiform discharges in AD.