Evaluating the association of temporomandibular disorders with audiological symptoms through instrumental diagnostics: A systematic review

Objective: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have been historically linked to symptoms such as tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between TMDs and audiological symptoms. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search in three databases was performed searching for studies utilizing imaging and audiometric assessments to diagnose TMDs and audiological symptoms. Of the 1153 studies retrived, a total number of 6 studies were included. Results: Although tinnitus was commonly reported among patients with TMDs, objective audiological deficits were not consistently confirmed. The majority of existing studies lack standardized diagnostic methods and the heterogeneity of methodologies and limited sample sizes restricted the feasibility of a meta-analysis. Conclusions: The lack of appropriate instrumental diagnostic tests makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between TMDs and audiological symptoms. Future trials are needed to clarify this clinical association.