The article examines Renato Guttuso's unique and forgotten contribution to film set design, with reference to The Condemned of Altona (1962). Based on the 1959 omonym play by Jean-Paul Sartre, the film is a challenging international production by Carlo Ponti that on paper had all the requisites to become a great success, as no less than four recent Oscar winners were involved in its production: from director Vittorio De Sica to the actors Sophia Loren and Maximilian Schell, to Abby Mann, co-scriptwriter with Cesare Zavattini. Despite such prestigious premises, The Condemned of Altona turned out to be a failure: the film's poor public success was matched by a rather cold critique, and the clearly negative judgement of Sartre himself. Set in post-World War II Germany during the economic miracle, and centred on a former Nazi officer who isolated himself in the attic of his family villa, Sartre's complex play actually presents various levels of interpretation. Apart from the more immediate interpretation on Germans’ collective guilt, Sartre also refers to the Algerian war, to the drama that stirred the consciences of European communists following the 20th Congress of the CPSU and the Hungarian Uprising, and to deeper existential questions. The film inevitably makes a simplification, rendering Sartre's ‘situation theatre’ a hybrid mélo tinged with intellectualism. However, among the various changes made in the film adaptation, the intervention of Guttuso – to whom we owe the drawings that obsessively cover the walls of the protagonist's attic-prison and that are present in a large part of the film – redeems at least in part its inadequacies. In a language clearly inspired by Expressionism, and which well represents his current phase of ‘existential realism’, Guttuso seems, more than any of the film's collaborators, to have penetrated the meaning of Sartre's play. On the other hand, as the article amply documents, the Italian painter knew and appreciated the work of the French philosopher, with whom he also entertained friendly relations. It is not surprising that Guttuso’s intervention in the film's set design appears as an interpretative modification and at the same time coherent with Sartre's intentions, much more so than the adaptation made by the scriptwriters.
L’articolo prende in esame l’unico, e dimenticato, contributo di Renato Guttuso nell’ambito della scenografia cinematografica, relativo al film I sequestrati di Altona (1962). Tratto dall’omonima pièce teatrale di Jean-Paul Sartre del 1959, il film è una impegnativa produzione internazionale di Carlo Ponti che sulla carta aveva tutti i requisiti per divenire un grande successo, essendo coinvolti nella sua realizzazione ben quattro recenti premi Oscar: dal regista Vittorio De Sica ai protagonisti Sophia Loren e Maximilian Schell, ad Abby Mann, co-sceneggiatore assieme a Cesare Zavattini. Nonostante tali prestigiose premesse, I sequestrati di Altona si rivela un fallimento: allo scarso successo di pubblico corrisponde una ricezione della critica piuttosto fredda, cui si aggiunge il netto giudizio negativo dello stesso Sartre. Ambientata nella Germania del miracolo economico del secondo dopoguerra e incentrata su un ex ufficiale nazista autosequestratosi nella soffitta della villa di famiglia, la complessa pièce sartriana presenta in realtà molteplici livelli di lettura oltre a quello più immediato sulla colpa collettiva del popolo tedesco: dalla guerra d’Algeria al dramma che agitava le coscienze dei comunisti europei dopo il XX Congresso del PCUS e i “fatti d’Ungheria”, fino a più profonde questioni di carattere esistenziale. Il film inevitabilmente compie una semplificazione, rendendo però il “teatro di situazione” sartriano un ibrido mélo tinto di intellettualismo. Ma, tra le diverse modifiche apportate nella riduzione cinematografica, l’intervento di Guttuso, al quale si devono i disegni che coprono ossessivamente le pareti della soffitta-prigione del protagonista e che sono presenti in buona parte del film, ne riscatta almeno in parte le insufficienze. Secondo un linguaggio chiaramente debitore nei confronti dell’espressionismo, e che ben rappresenta la sua attuale fase di “realismo esistenziale”, Guttuso sembra, più di tutti i collaboratori al film, aver penetrato il senso della pièce sartriana. D’altronde, come l’articolo ampiamente documenta, il pittore italiano conosceva e apprezzava l’opera del filosofo francese, con il quale intratteneva anche rapporti di amicizia: non stupisce pertanto che il suo intervento nelle scenografie del film appaia come una modifica interpretativa e al tempo stesso coerente con le intenzioni di Sartre, assai più dell’adattamento operato dagli sceneggiatori.
Quattrocchi, L. (2024). Guttuso tra Sartre e De Sica: i disegni per l'adattamento cinematografico de I sequestrati di Altona. PROSPETTIVA(189-190, gennaio-aprile 2023), 52-70.
Guttuso tra Sartre e De Sica: i disegni per l'adattamento cinematografico de I sequestrati di Altona
Luca Quattrocchi
2024-01-01
Abstract
The article examines Renato Guttuso's unique and forgotten contribution to film set design, with reference to The Condemned of Altona (1962). Based on the 1959 omonym play by Jean-Paul Sartre, the film is a challenging international production by Carlo Ponti that on paper had all the requisites to become a great success, as no less than four recent Oscar winners were involved in its production: from director Vittorio De Sica to the actors Sophia Loren and Maximilian Schell, to Abby Mann, co-scriptwriter with Cesare Zavattini. Despite such prestigious premises, The Condemned of Altona turned out to be a failure: the film's poor public success was matched by a rather cold critique, and the clearly negative judgement of Sartre himself. Set in post-World War II Germany during the economic miracle, and centred on a former Nazi officer who isolated himself in the attic of his family villa, Sartre's complex play actually presents various levels of interpretation. Apart from the more immediate interpretation on Germans’ collective guilt, Sartre also refers to the Algerian war, to the drama that stirred the consciences of European communists following the 20th Congress of the CPSU and the Hungarian Uprising, and to deeper existential questions. The film inevitably makes a simplification, rendering Sartre's ‘situation theatre’ a hybrid mélo tinged with intellectualism. However, among the various changes made in the film adaptation, the intervention of Guttuso – to whom we owe the drawings that obsessively cover the walls of the protagonist's attic-prison and that are present in a large part of the film – redeems at least in part its inadequacies. In a language clearly inspired by Expressionism, and which well represents his current phase of ‘existential realism’, Guttuso seems, more than any of the film's collaborators, to have penetrated the meaning of Sartre's play. On the other hand, as the article amply documents, the Italian painter knew and appreciated the work of the French philosopher, with whom he also entertained friendly relations. It is not surprising that Guttuso’s intervention in the film's set design appears as an interpretative modification and at the same time coherent with Sartre's intentions, much more so than the adaptation made by the scriptwriters.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1290597