Impact of Honey Soil Supplementation on Growth and Antioxidant Activity in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Plants

This study explores the potential of honey as a natural soil amendment to enhance plant growth and biochemical resilience in Ocimum basilicum L. Honey solutions at varying concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) were applied to evaluate their effects on growth parameters, biomass accumulation, and antioxidant activity. The results revealed that lower honey concentrations (2.5%) had a minimal impact on plant height, while higher concentrations (5% and 10%; −42% and −43%, respectively) exhibited inhibitory effects, suggesting a dose-dependent response. The leaf count remained stable across treatments, indicating a consistent morphological outcome. The biomass analysis highlighted variability in the plant biomasses, reflecting the influence of honey concentrations on plant energy allocation. Despite unchanged chlorophyll and ascorbic acid levels, significant enhancements in antioxidant compounds and activity were observed, particularly at lower concentrations (antioxidant activity at 2.5% and 5%; +26% and +30%, respectively), underlining the role of honey in bolstering the antioxidant defense system. These findings demonstrate honey’s dual role as a growth modulator and antioxidant enhancer, emphasizing its relevance in sustainable agricultural practices. This research contributes to the development of eco-friendly strategies for improving crop performance and resilience through the application of naturally derived biostimulants.