Advancements, applications, and safety of negative pressure wound therapy: a comprehensive review of its impact on wound outcomes

The increasing adoption and widespread acceptance of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have paralleled the expansion of its indications in clinical practice. The spectrum of indications for NPWT now extends to encompass soft tissue defects arising from trauma, infection, surgical wound care, and soft tissue grafting procedures. Recent advancements in NPWT devices have introduced various adjuncts, such as instillation of fluids or antibiotics into the wound. These additions empower surgeons to enhance the wound healing environment and contribute to combatting infections more effectively. This review delves into the latest literature addressing the proposed mechanisms underlying NPWT's action, its cost-effectiveness, its impact on patient quality of life, and the essential components necessary for its safe use. The review examines the evidence supporting NPWT's application in managing traumatic extremity injuries, controlling infections, and wound care. While NPWT generally exhibits a low complication rate, surgeons must remain aware of the potential risks linked to its utilization. Moreover, the review explores the widening scope of indications for NPWT, shedding light on prospective avenues for innovation and research in this field.