Regulatory frameworks in plastic and cosmetic surgery: a comparative scoping review across Australia, United Kingdom, and Italy

Background: The regulatory landscape for plastic and cosmetic surgery across the country plays a crucial role in shaping the practices within its premises, ensuring patient safety, and maintaining ethical standards in the medical community. This review examines the distinct regulatory frameworks that govern Australia, United Kingdom (UK), and Italy practices, focusing on the nuances that influence the professional accountability and safety measures in place. Methods: A comprehensive scoping review was conducted, exploring the legal and regulatory frameworks governing plastic and reconstructive surgery in Australia, the UK, and Italy. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies from infinity to May 2024, which were then analyzed to compare regulatory practices, qualification requirements, and their implications on patient safety and professional accountability. Results: Each country presents a unique set of regulations that reflect their individual medical, legal, and cultural contexts. In Australia, the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) and the Medical Board of Australia impose stringent criteria for differentiating between “cosmetic surgeons” and “plastic surgeons”. The UK’s approach, governed by the General Medical Council (GMC), emphasizes ethical conduct, informed consent, and transparent advertising. Italy’s regulatory framework varies slightly with a specific focus on the qualifications and titles of practitioners. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of stringent regulations in plastic and cosmetic surgery, advocating for enhanced regulatory measures and comprehensive education on the qualifications of practitioners. It is imperative that these standards are maintained and adapted as necessary to protect patients in the rapidly evolving landscape of cosmetic and plastic surgery across the different regions.