Invasive species are an increasing global threat given their ability to rapidly spread and adapt to novel environments. The adverse ecological and economic impacts of invasive species highlight the critical need for understanding the mechanisms that underpin invasion processes and success. The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica is an invasive pest of remarkable interest, as it feeds on hundreds of plant species of economic value. It has been expanding outside of its native range in Japan since the early decades of the 20th century, colonizing large areas of North America and, more recently, Europe. The availability of a high-quality genomic sequence for this species is poised to significantly advance fundamental research on its ecology and evolution, as well as enable the development of genetically-informed and biotechnologically-oriented control strategies. Compared to previous draft versions, the P. japonica sequence, here presented, offers greater completeness and contiguity of genomic data, as well as comprehensive structural and functional annotations. This new genomic data may provide insights into the species' invasive potential and serve as a foundation for identifying potential biotechnological applications aimed at its control. Subsequently, whole-genome resequencing data from individuals across the species' entire distribution were analysed to investigate the geographic differentiation of P. japonica populations and to reconstruct the expansion routes from Japan to the USA and Europe. The analysis identified six genomically distinct clusters, which correspond to approximate colonization areas on a continental scale. Coalescent simulations further uncovered two independent bridgehead events originating from the USA to the Azores and Italy, highlighting complex patterns of secondary spread. In addition, an investigation into selection signals was conducted to better understand the adaptive mechanisms underpinning P. japonica's invasion success. However, the lack of strong selection signatures in invasive specimens suggested that the beetle's adaptive capabilities may be rooted in pre-existing genomic features. The comprehensive genome-wide dataset enabled detailed inference of the invasion process and may aid in identifying the origins of P. japonica samples in future invasion events.

Data la loro capacità di diffondersi e adattarsi rapidamente a nuovi ambienti, le specie invasive rappresentano una crescente minaccia a livello globale. Le conseguenze ecologiche ed economiche delle specie invasive evidenziano la necessità di comprendere i meccanismi alla base dei processi di invasione e del loro successo. Il coleottero giapponese, Popillia japonica, è un insetto invasivo infestante di notevole interesse, poiché si nutre di centinaia di specie vegetali di valore economico. Espandendosi al di fuori del suo areale nativo in Giappone fin dai primi decenni del XX secolo, questo insetto ha colonizzato ampie aree del Nord America e, più recentemente, dell'Europa. La disponibilità di una sequenza genomica di alta qualità permette di far progredire significativamente la ricerca sull’ecologia e sui processi evolutivi di questa specie, oltre a consentire lo sviluppo di strategie di controllo basate su conoscenze genetiche e orientate verso applicazioni biotecnologiche. Rispetto alle precedenti versioni, la sequenza genomica di P. japonica qui presentata offre una maggiore completezza e contiguità dei dati, nonché annotazioni strutturali e funzionali complete, dando la possibilità di fornire informazioni sull’invasività della specie e servire come base per sviluppare strategie di controllo integrato. L’analisi dei dati di whole genome resequencing, da campioni raccolti nell'intera distribuzione della specie, ha permesso di studiare la differenziazione geografica delle popolazioni e ricostruire le rotte di espansione dal Giappone agli Stati Uniti e all'Europa. Il presente studio ha identificato sei gruppi geneticamente distinti, che corrispondono alle aree di colonizzazione su scala continentale, ed ha evidenziato due eventi di invasione indipendenti dagli Stati Uniti verso le Azzorre e verso l'Italia, mostrando modelli complessi di diffusione secondaria. Infine, uno studio sulla presenza di possibili segnali di selezione, nelle popolazioni non native, è stato condotto per comprendere meglio i meccanismi adattativi che sostengono il successo dell'invasione di P. japonica. Tuttavia, l'assenza di forti segnali di selezione negli esemplari invasivi suggerisce che le capacità di adattamento del coleottero potrebbero derivare da caratteristiche genomiche preesistenti. Il set di dati genomici presentato in questo lavoro ha permesso una comprensione dettagliata dei processi di invasione e potrebbe contribuire all’identificazione delle origini degli esemplari di P. japonica in futuri eventi di invasione.

Funari, R., Cucini, C., Parvizi, E., Boschi, S., Cardaioli, E., Frati, F., et al. (2024). Molecular tools to study historic and recent pathways of entry and spread for the invasive Japanese beetle.

Molecular tools to study historic and recent pathways of entry and spread for the invasive Japanese beetle

Rebecca Funari
Formal Analysis
;
Claudio Cucini
Data Curation
;
Elena Cardaioli
Data Curation
;
Francesco Frati
Funding Acquisition
;
Francesco Nardi
Funding Acquisition
;
Antonio Carapelli
Funding Acquisition
2024-11-06

Abstract

Invasive species are an increasing global threat given their ability to rapidly spread and adapt to novel environments. The adverse ecological and economic impacts of invasive species highlight the critical need for understanding the mechanisms that underpin invasion processes and success. The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica is an invasive pest of remarkable interest, as it feeds on hundreds of plant species of economic value. It has been expanding outside of its native range in Japan since the early decades of the 20th century, colonizing large areas of North America and, more recently, Europe. The availability of a high-quality genomic sequence for this species is poised to significantly advance fundamental research on its ecology and evolution, as well as enable the development of genetically-informed and biotechnologically-oriented control strategies. Compared to previous draft versions, the P. japonica sequence, here presented, offers greater completeness and contiguity of genomic data, as well as comprehensive structural and functional annotations. This new genomic data may provide insights into the species' invasive potential and serve as a foundation for identifying potential biotechnological applications aimed at its control. Subsequently, whole-genome resequencing data from individuals across the species' entire distribution were analysed to investigate the geographic differentiation of P. japonica populations and to reconstruct the expansion routes from Japan to the USA and Europe. The analysis identified six genomically distinct clusters, which correspond to approximate colonization areas on a continental scale. Coalescent simulations further uncovered two independent bridgehead events originating from the USA to the Azores and Italy, highlighting complex patterns of secondary spread. In addition, an investigation into selection signals was conducted to better understand the adaptive mechanisms underpinning P. japonica's invasion success. However, the lack of strong selection signatures in invasive specimens suggested that the beetle's adaptive capabilities may be rooted in pre-existing genomic features. The comprehensive genome-wide dataset enabled detailed inference of the invasion process and may aid in identifying the origins of P. japonica samples in future invasion events.
6-nov-2024
XXXVII
Funari, R., Cucini, C., Parvizi, E., Boschi, S., Cardaioli, E., Frati, F., et al. (2024). Molecular tools to study historic and recent pathways of entry and spread for the invasive Japanese beetle.
Funari, Rebecca; Cucini, Claudio; Parvizi, Elahe; Boschi, Sara; Cardaioli, Elena; Frati, Francesco; Mcgaughran, Angela; Nardi, Francesco; Carapelli, A...espandi
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1275474