In a recent phase 2a clinical trial, the candidate leishmaniasis vaccine ChAd63-KH was shown to be safe and immunogenic in Sudanese patients with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). However, its value as a stand-alone therapeutic was unknown. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of ChAd63-KH, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03969134). Primary outcomes were safety and efficacy (≥90% improvement in clinical disease). Secondary outcomes were change in severity grade and vaccine-induced immune response. 86 participants with uncomplicated PKDL of ≥6 month duration were randomized to receive ChAd63-KH (7.5 × 1010 viral particles, once by the intramuscular route) or placebo. 75 participants (87%) completed the trial as per protocol. No severe or serious adverse events were observed. At day 90 post-vaccination, 6/40 (15%) and 4/35 (11%) participants in the vaccine and placebo groups, respectively, showed ≥90% clinical improvement (risk ratio [RR] 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–4.28], p = 0.742). There were also no significant differences in PKDL severity grade between study arms. Whole-blood transcriptomic analysis identified transcriptional modules associated with interferon responses and monocyte and dendritic cell activation. Thus, a single vaccination with ChAd63-KH showed no therapeutic efficacy in this subset of Sudanese patients with PKDL.

Younis, B.M., Wiggins, R., Khalil, E.A.G., Osman, M., Santoro, F., Sonnati, C., et al. (2024). A randomized, double-blind phase 2b trial to evaluate efficacy of ChAd63-KH for treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT, 32(3) [10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101310].

A randomized, double-blind phase 2b trial to evaluate efficacy of ChAd63-KH for treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

Santoro F.;Sonnati C.;Novedrati M.;Montesi G.;
2024-01-01

Abstract

In a recent phase 2a clinical trial, the candidate leishmaniasis vaccine ChAd63-KH was shown to be safe and immunogenic in Sudanese patients with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). However, its value as a stand-alone therapeutic was unknown. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of ChAd63-KH, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03969134). Primary outcomes were safety and efficacy (≥90% improvement in clinical disease). Secondary outcomes were change in severity grade and vaccine-induced immune response. 86 participants with uncomplicated PKDL of ≥6 month duration were randomized to receive ChAd63-KH (7.5 × 1010 viral particles, once by the intramuscular route) or placebo. 75 participants (87%) completed the trial as per protocol. No severe or serious adverse events were observed. At day 90 post-vaccination, 6/40 (15%) and 4/35 (11%) participants in the vaccine and placebo groups, respectively, showed ≥90% clinical improvement (risk ratio [RR] 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–4.28], p = 0.742). There were also no significant differences in PKDL severity grade between study arms. Whole-blood transcriptomic analysis identified transcriptional modules associated with interferon responses and monocyte and dendritic cell activation. Thus, a single vaccination with ChAd63-KH showed no therapeutic efficacy in this subset of Sudanese patients with PKDL.
2024
Younis, B.M., Wiggins, R., Khalil, E.A.G., Osman, M., Santoro, F., Sonnati, C., et al. (2024). A randomized, double-blind phase 2b trial to evaluate efficacy of ChAd63-KH for treatment of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT, 32(3) [10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101310].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1268594
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