The baculovirus expression vector system: a modern technology for the future of influenza vaccine manufacturing

Introduction Influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease. Due to the evolving nature of influenza viruses, the composition of vaccines has to be updated annually. Most of the current influenza vaccines are still produced in embryonated chicken eggs, a well-established process with some limitations. Area covered This review focuses on the recombinant DNA technology using baculovirus expression vector system a modern method of manufacturing licensed influenza vaccines. The speed, scalability, biosafety and flexibility of the process, together with the reliability of the hemagglutinin in the vaccine, represent a significant advance toward new platforms for vaccine production. Expert opinion The scenario of vaccine production in the next years seems to be particularly interesting, involving a transition from the current egg-based production to new technologies, such as the cell culture platform, the RNA technology, the plant-based system, and the DNA vaccine. This latter offers great advantages over egg- and cell-based influenza vaccine production. The universal vaccine remains the goal of researchers and ideally would avoid the need for annual reformulation and re-administration of seasonal vaccines. The lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of having different technologies available and able to promptly respond to a great demand of vaccines worldwide.