Two hundred years after his birth, the authors remember the figure and thought of Carlo Livi, one of the most representative exponents of the new psychiatric culture of the second half of the 19th century. In doing so, they highlight Livi’s ideals of great humanity, which accompanied his extensive professional expertise throughout his life. Indeed, charity and commitment to the underprivileged classes became his precise moral and social duty, the very essence of his being a doctor, which found its highest expression in his relationship with the patients of the two large mental hospitals that he directed: San Niccolò Hospital in Siena, from 1858 to 1873, and San Lazzaro Hospital in Reggio Emilia, from 1874 to 1877. In Siena, he considered his project to renovate the city’s mental hospital to be a civil mission, whereby he could exploit his scientific knowledge in order to improve the inhumane living conditions of the mentally ill poor. To this end, in addition to restructuring the hospital building according to the most innovative criteria, he deemed two concepts to be fundamental to the assistance and treatment of mental illnesses: moral care and occupa-tional therapy. Moral care, which Livi preferred to physical treatments, was aimed, above all, at resolving the patient’s symptoms, and was based on knowledge of the patient’s history, of the initial signs of madness, and of its contributing causes, including the influence of the social environment. The centrality of the patient as a person was also evident in Livi’s use of occupational therapy, which had an extremely important socialization value, being capable of restoring patients’ dignity, of which society had deprived them. In an era in which the causes of mental illnesses remained largely obscure, Livi tried to forge a relationship with his patients through dialogue; by taking an interest in their past experiences, he strove to define a future project aimed at reacqui-ring, partially or totally, their mental abilities and their role in society.

A 200 anni dalla sua nascita gli autori intendono ricordare la figura e il pensiero di Carlo Livi, uno dei più rappresentativi esponenti della nuova cultura psichiatrica della seconda metà dell’Ottocento. Di Carlo Livi vengono evidenziati gli ideali di grande umanità che per tutta la sua vita hanno affiancato la sua ampia formazione professionale. La carità e l’impegno a favore delle classi meno abbienti divennero un suo preciso dovere morale e sociale, il senso stesso del suo essere medico, che trovò il suo punto più alto nel rap-porto con i malati di mente nei due grandi manicomi che diresse, il San Niccolò di Siena, dal 1858 al 1873, e il San Lazzaro di Reggio Emilia dal 1874 al 1877. A Siena il suo progetto di rinnovamento del manicomio cittadino fu da lui interpretato come una missione civile attraverso cui, mettendo a disposizione le proprie conoscenze scientifiche, poter ribaltare le inumane condizioni di vita dei folli indigenti. In tal senso, oltre a ricostruire l’edificio manicomiale secondo i dettami più innovativi, ritenne fondamentali nell’assistenza e nella cura delle malattie mentali due concetti, la cura morale e l’ergoterapia. La cura morale, che Livi prediligeva in luogo delle cure somatiche, si proponeva come un intervento rivolto soprattutto a risolvere la sintomatologia, sulla base della conoscenza anamnestica del paziente, degli indizi iniziali della pazzia, nonché delle concause, dovute anche all’influenza dell’ambiente sociale. L’attenzione al paziente si evidenziava in Livi anche nell’uso dell’ergoterapia che aveva un valore di socializzazione estremamente importante per il malato, in grado di re-stituirgli quella dignità di cui la società lo aveva privato. In un’epoca nella quale le cause delle malattie mentali rimanevano in gran parte oscure, Livi volle tentare la via del rapporto e del dialogo con il paziente, mostrando attenzione alle sue esperienze passate per definire un progetto di futuro teso alla riacquisizione, in parte o totale, delle sue capacità mentali e del proprio ruolo nella società.

Orsini, D., Martini, M. (2023). CARLO LIVI: A MODERN DOCTOR IN THE STUDY OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND IN THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP|Carlo Livi: Un medico innovatore nello studio delle malattie mentali e nella relazione medico-paziente. CONFINIA CEPHALALGICA, 33(3), 1-11.

CARLO LIVI: A MODERN DOCTOR IN THE STUDY OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND IN THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP|Carlo Livi: Un medico innovatore nello studio delle malattie mentali e nella relazione medico-paziente

Orsini D.;
2023-01-01

Abstract

Two hundred years after his birth, the authors remember the figure and thought of Carlo Livi, one of the most representative exponents of the new psychiatric culture of the second half of the 19th century. In doing so, they highlight Livi’s ideals of great humanity, which accompanied his extensive professional expertise throughout his life. Indeed, charity and commitment to the underprivileged classes became his precise moral and social duty, the very essence of his being a doctor, which found its highest expression in his relationship with the patients of the two large mental hospitals that he directed: San Niccolò Hospital in Siena, from 1858 to 1873, and San Lazzaro Hospital in Reggio Emilia, from 1874 to 1877. In Siena, he considered his project to renovate the city’s mental hospital to be a civil mission, whereby he could exploit his scientific knowledge in order to improve the inhumane living conditions of the mentally ill poor. To this end, in addition to restructuring the hospital building according to the most innovative criteria, he deemed two concepts to be fundamental to the assistance and treatment of mental illnesses: moral care and occupa-tional therapy. Moral care, which Livi preferred to physical treatments, was aimed, above all, at resolving the patient’s symptoms, and was based on knowledge of the patient’s history, of the initial signs of madness, and of its contributing causes, including the influence of the social environment. The centrality of the patient as a person was also evident in Livi’s use of occupational therapy, which had an extremely important socialization value, being capable of restoring patients’ dignity, of which society had deprived them. In an era in which the causes of mental illnesses remained largely obscure, Livi tried to forge a relationship with his patients through dialogue; by taking an interest in their past experiences, he strove to define a future project aimed at reacqui-ring, partially or totally, their mental abilities and their role in society.
2023
Orsini, D., Martini, M. (2023). CARLO LIVI: A MODERN DOCTOR IN THE STUDY OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND IN THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP|Carlo Livi: Un medico innovatore nello studio delle malattie mentali e nella relazione medico-paziente. CONFINIA CEPHALALGICA, 33(3), 1-11.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1267975
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