Morphological and Functional Neuroradiology of Brain Metastases

Neuroimaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and differentiation of brain metastases (BM) in patients with known or unknown malignancies. Computed tomography and magnetic res-onance imaging are the key imaging modalities used in the detection of BM. Advanced imaging techniques including proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, magnetic reso-nance perfusion, diffusion weighted imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging may aid in arriv-ing at the correct diagnosis, in particular cases, such as newly diagnosed solitary enhancing brain lesions in patients without known malignancy. Imaging is also performed to predict and/or assess the efficacy of treatment, and to differentiate residual or recurrent tumors from therapy-related complications. Furthermore, the recent advent of artificial intel-ligence is opening up a vast scenario for the analysis of quantitative information deriving from neuroimaging. In this image-rich review, we provide an up-to-date overview on the application of imaging in patients with BM. We describe typical and atypical imaging find-ings of parenchymal and extra-axial BM on Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, focusing on the role of advanced imaging tech-niques, that can serve as problem-solving tools in the management of patients with BM. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI 44:170-193 & COPY; 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.