Opening the black box of artificial intelligence technologies: unveiling the influence exerted by type of organisations and collaborative dynamics

Until now, the management literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) focuses mostly on the diverse applications of this technology, while its development has attracted only limited attention. To partially fill this research gap, the present paper analyses a large sample of AI patents and investigates the potential determinants of their technological impact. We show how University-Industry (UI) collaborations seem to be less able to develop high-impact AI patents, compared to other types of partnership based on the involvement of either universities or companies. This result contrasts with the previous literature on the inventing process of other generalpurpose technologies (GPT), thus clarifying how the development of AI may be significantly affected by the peculiar characteristics of this technology. Thereby, our findings not only shed further light on the inventing process of AI solutions but may also stimulate the debate on the development of other GPTs strongly imbued with scientific knowledge.