This work is based on the idea that many novels composed in Italy in the 1930s show a configuration – historical and narrative – that makes problematic the possibility to categorize them as neorealistic novels. In general, critics attribute to Neorealism a restorative value, corresponding to the activation of an ethical-moral principle that recomposes, on a representative level, the formal disintegration of Modernism. Therefore, this work demonstrates that in the first phase of Neorealism, from 1929 to 1943, has a modernism narrative structure and presents a shared narrative pattern. To give just a few examples, novels like "Gli indifferenti" (1929) by Alberto Moravia, "Tre operai" (1934) by Carlo Bernari, "Il capofabbrica" (1935) by Romano Bilenchi, "Gli anni perduti" (wrote in 1934-1936) by Brancati present a structural dialectical opposition. It means that on one hand the story selects a traditional narrative structure (the narrator is reliable, the plot is linear, the characters are solid and well characterized) to have an ethically constructive impact on contemporary reality. On the other hand, reality shows to the authors an uncertain, flawed, or fallacious moral system. In this direction, the novel’s composition translates ideological uncertainty into oblique formal coordinates that prevent the novel from constituting itself as a solid and transparent unity of meaning. From the 1920s onwards, the generation of writers who was born in the first decade of the 20th century manifested a desire to recount in realistic, linear, and 'convincing'3 terms the contemporary reality, that was presenting new social, ideological and cultural questions. During the 1930s, the intellectual questioning is no longer about the epistemological doubts of modernism, but rather about political and ideological reality, concerning new cultural practices, the establishment of a dictatorship, and the suppression of freedom. In fact, the 1930s coincided with the settlement of fascism. From this point of view, the individual authors’ experience is characterised by intolerance towards politics and his (a)morality. It is expressed in different ways: for example, Natalia Ginzburg is anti-fascist from the beginning, Vitaliano Brancati shows his dissent gradually from 1934 onwards. In any case, the authors can’t overcome the moral impasse neither in the narrative mechanisms or in the private life.
Questo lavoro nasce dall’idea che molti romanzi composti negli anni Trenta del Novecento e iscritti al neorealismo letterario presentano una configurazione – storica, narrativa, formale – che rende problematica e imprecisa l’interpretazione critica cui sono normalmente ricondotti. In generale, la critica attribuisce al neorealismo un valore restaurativo, corrispondente dall’attivazione di un principio etico-morale che ricompone, a livello rappresentativo, la disgregazione formale attuata dal modernismo. Crediamo, quindi, che nella prima fase del neorealismo, che indicativamente va dal 1929 al 1943, il lavoro sulla forma sia ancora prioritario, e presenti un pattern narrativo condiviso. Vale a dire che romanzi come "Gli indifferenti" di Moravia, del ’29, "Tre operai" di Bernari, del ’34, "Il capofabbrica" di Bilenchi, del ’35, "Gli anni perduti" di Brancati, concluso nel ’36, per fare alcuni esempi, sono costruiti a partire da un’opposizione strutturale di tipo dialettico e irrisolto. Da un lato, cioè, il racconto seleziona un impianto narrativo tradizionale (che rispetta l’attendibilità del narratore, la linearità dell’intreccio e la solidità del personaggio) con l’obiettivo d’incidere in modo eticamente costruttivo sulla realtà contemporanea. D’altro lato, la realtà consegna a chi scrive un sistema morale incerto, manchevole o fallace. In questa direzione, la costruzione del romanzo traduce l’incertezza ideologica in coordinate formali che impediscono al racconto di costituirsi come unità solida e trasparente di significato. A partire dagli anni Venti, quindi, la generazione di scrittrici e scrittori nati nel primo decennio del Novecento manifesta la volontà di raccontare in termini realistici, trasparenti e «convincenti» (quindi non poetici, psicologici, astratti o autobiografici) una realtà interessata da nuove questioni sociali, ideologiche e culturali. Nel corso degli anni Trenta, l’interrogazione intellettuale non riguarda più lo sconvolgimento epistemologico che ha interessato il modernismo, bensì la realtà politica e ideologica, la diffusione di nuove pratiche culturali, l’affermazione di una dittatura, la soppressione della libertà. Gli anni Trenta coincidono infatti con l’inasprimento del fascismo. In quest’ottica, l’esperienza individuale si contraddistingue per l’insofferenza nei confronti della realtà politica e morale (insofferenza che si esprime in modo diverso e solo in alcuni casi può tradursi in dissenso: ad esempio Natalia Ginzburg è antifascista sempre, Vitaliano Brancati lo diventa a partire dal ’34, e in modo graduale), acuita dall’impossibilità di superare e ripensare le contraddizioni del presente poiché il regime mina in toto la facoltà di esprimersi e agire liberamente.
ROSSI SEBASTIANO, M. (2023). Il realismo obliquo nel romanzo italiano degli anni Trenta [10.25434/michela-rossi-sebastiano_phd2023].
Il realismo obliquo nel romanzo italiano degli anni Trenta
Michela Rossi Sebastiano
2023-01-01
Abstract
This work is based on the idea that many novels composed in Italy in the 1930s show a configuration – historical and narrative – that makes problematic the possibility to categorize them as neorealistic novels. In general, critics attribute to Neorealism a restorative value, corresponding to the activation of an ethical-moral principle that recomposes, on a representative level, the formal disintegration of Modernism. Therefore, this work demonstrates that in the first phase of Neorealism, from 1929 to 1943, has a modernism narrative structure and presents a shared narrative pattern. To give just a few examples, novels like "Gli indifferenti" (1929) by Alberto Moravia, "Tre operai" (1934) by Carlo Bernari, "Il capofabbrica" (1935) by Romano Bilenchi, "Gli anni perduti" (wrote in 1934-1936) by Brancati present a structural dialectical opposition. It means that on one hand the story selects a traditional narrative structure (the narrator is reliable, the plot is linear, the characters are solid and well characterized) to have an ethically constructive impact on contemporary reality. On the other hand, reality shows to the authors an uncertain, flawed, or fallacious moral system. In this direction, the novel’s composition translates ideological uncertainty into oblique formal coordinates that prevent the novel from constituting itself as a solid and transparent unity of meaning. From the 1920s onwards, the generation of writers who was born in the first decade of the 20th century manifested a desire to recount in realistic, linear, and 'convincing'3 terms the contemporary reality, that was presenting new social, ideological and cultural questions. During the 1930s, the intellectual questioning is no longer about the epistemological doubts of modernism, but rather about political and ideological reality, concerning new cultural practices, the establishment of a dictatorship, and the suppression of freedom. In fact, the 1930s coincided with the settlement of fascism. From this point of view, the individual authors’ experience is characterised by intolerance towards politics and his (a)morality. It is expressed in different ways: for example, Natalia Ginzburg is anti-fascist from the beginning, Vitaliano Brancati shows his dissent gradually from 1934 onwards. In any case, the authors can’t overcome the moral impasse neither in the narrative mechanisms or in the private life.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
phd_unisi_095290.pdf
accesso aperto
Descrizione: Il realismo obliquo nel romanzo italiano degli anni Trenta
Tipologia:
PDF editoriale
Licenza:
PUBBLICO - Pubblico con Copyright
Dimensione
1.69 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.69 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1230034