This paper aims to understand the practices and meanings associated with the creation and use of private chat groups on instant messaging services such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and WeChat that are accessible only to platform workers of online food delivery services. We draw on participant observation in five countries (Italy, Spain, Mexico, China, and India), in-depth interviews with 68 food delivery couriers and digital ethnography (Pink et al., 2015) within dozens of online private chat groups of food delivery workers. Our fieldwork shows that private chat groups are extremely relevant in the daily work of delivery workers and are appropriated to restore forms of mutualism not afforded by the food delivery apps. Following Costa (2018) and her concept of affordances-in-practice, we describe how the practice of online private chat groups created by platform workers affords: (1) the emergence of communities of practice; (2) resistance and contempt; (3) mutualism and solidarity. We argue that these workers ‘enact’ the affordances of instant messaging apps, to supplement – from below – the affordances of food delivery apps that were denied or ignored by food delivery companies. We argue that these affordances constitute co- operative affordances. This concept captures the cooperative nature of peer-to-peer communication that occurs within the informal online chat groups created by the workers themselves. Finally, this article contributes to affordance theory by highlighting how affordances are not immanent properties of artifacts, or ‘invariants’, as argued by Gibson (1979), but can be ‘enacted’ by specific users, like food delivery workers, within specific social and cultural contexts.

Questo articolo si propone di comprendere le pratiche e i significati associati alla creazione e all'uso di gruppi di chat privati su servizi di messaggistica istantanea come WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger e WeChat, accessibili solo ai corrieri dei servizi di consegna di cibo online. l'articolo si basa su un anno di osservazione partecipante in cinque Paesi (Italia, Spagna, Messico, Cina e India), su interviste semi-strutturate a 68 corrieri di consegna di cibo e su un anno di etnografia digitale (Pink et al., 2015) all'interno di decine di gruppi di chat privati online di addetti alle consegne di cibo. Il nostro lavoro sul campo mostra che i gruppi di chat privati sono estremamente rilevanti nel lavoro quotidiano dei fattorini e vengono utilizzati per ripristinare forme di mutualismo non previste dalle app di food delivery. Seguendo Costa (2018) e il suo concetto di affordances-in-practice, descriviamo come la pratica dei gruppi di chat privati online creati dai lavoratori delle piattaforme permetta: (1) l'emergere di comunità di pratica; (2) l'emergere di forme di resistenza; (3) l'emergere di di forme di mutualismo e solidarietà. Sosteniamo che questi lavoratori "mettono in atto" le possibilità delle app di messaggistica istantanea per integrare, dal basso, le affordances delle app di consegna del cibo che sono state negate o ignorate dalle aziende di consegna del cibo. Sosteniamo che queste affordances costituiscano delle "affordance cooperative". Questo concetto coglie la natura cooperativa della comunicazione peer-to-peer che avviene all'interno dei gruppi informali di chat online creati dagli stessi lavoratori. Infine, questo articolo contribuisce alla teoria delle affordance evidenziando come esse non siano proprietà immanenti degli artefatti, o "invarianti", come sostenuto da Gibson (1979), ma possano essere "messe in atto" da utenti specifici, come i fattorini, all'interno di specifici contesti sociali e culturali.

Bonini, T., Treré, E., Zizheng, Y.u., Singh, S., Cargnelutti, D., López-Ferràndez, F.J. (2023). Cooperative affordances: how instant messaging apps afford learning, resistance and solidarity among food delivery workers. CONVERGENCE, 1-18 [10.1177/13548565231153505].

Cooperative affordances: how instant messaging apps afford learning, resistance and solidarity among food delivery workers

Bonini, Tiziano
;
2023-01-01

Abstract

This paper aims to understand the practices and meanings associated with the creation and use of private chat groups on instant messaging services such as WhatsApp, Telegram, Messenger and WeChat that are accessible only to platform workers of online food delivery services. We draw on participant observation in five countries (Italy, Spain, Mexico, China, and India), in-depth interviews with 68 food delivery couriers and digital ethnography (Pink et al., 2015) within dozens of online private chat groups of food delivery workers. Our fieldwork shows that private chat groups are extremely relevant in the daily work of delivery workers and are appropriated to restore forms of mutualism not afforded by the food delivery apps. Following Costa (2018) and her concept of affordances-in-practice, we describe how the practice of online private chat groups created by platform workers affords: (1) the emergence of communities of practice; (2) resistance and contempt; (3) mutualism and solidarity. We argue that these workers ‘enact’ the affordances of instant messaging apps, to supplement – from below – the affordances of food delivery apps that were denied or ignored by food delivery companies. We argue that these affordances constitute co- operative affordances. This concept captures the cooperative nature of peer-to-peer communication that occurs within the informal online chat groups created by the workers themselves. Finally, this article contributes to affordance theory by highlighting how affordances are not immanent properties of artifacts, or ‘invariants’, as argued by Gibson (1979), but can be ‘enacted’ by specific users, like food delivery workers, within specific social and cultural contexts.
2023
Bonini, T., Treré, E., Zizheng, Y.u., Singh, S., Cargnelutti, D., López-Ferràndez, F.J. (2023). Cooperative affordances: how instant messaging apps afford learning, resistance and solidarity among food delivery workers. CONVERGENCE, 1-18 [10.1177/13548565231153505].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1224375