While scholars of activism have begun to unfold the dynamics of the ‘contentious politics of data’, less explored are the forms of appropriation of algorithms to pursue political objectives by social movements. This article fills this gap by offering a novel theoretical framework, a conceptual vocabulary, and a typology to foreground and articulate algorithmic activism as a subset of algorithmic politics. It starts discussing why an excessive focus on the power of platforms risks disregarding the exploration of agency and provides the definitions of algorithmic agency and politics. Subsequently, it centres on algorithmic activism and demonstrates that algorithms have become the latest addition to the contention repertoire of social movements. Drawing on a heterogeneous set of examples and case studies (including our own research and a database of 250 articles), we propose and examine a typology of three dynamics of algorithmic activism, i.e. algorithmic amplification, evasion, and hijacking. We show that the struggle for visibility (either to achieve it or deny it) lies at the centre of all these types of activism. In the conclusions, we reflect on the key takeaways of our work, clarifying that algorithmic activism (1) exceeds the notion of ‘hashtag activism’ (2) constitutes an agnostic concept (3) is part of an incessant political struggle between algorithmic strategies and tactics.

Mentre gli studiosi dell'attivismo hanno iniziato a spiegare le dinamiche della "politica conflittuale dei dati", meno esplorate sono le forme di appropriazione degli algoritmi per perseguire obiettivi politici da parte dei movimenti sociali. Questo articolo colma questa lacuna offrendo un nuovo quadro teorico, un vocabolario concettuale e una tipologia per evidenziare e articolare l'attivismo algoritmico come sottoinsieme della politica algoritmica. Si inizia discutendo perché un'eccessiva attenzione al potere delle piattaforme rischia di trascurare l'esplorazione dell'agency e si forniscono le definizioni di agency e politica algoritmica. Successivamente, ci concentriamo sull'attivismo algoritmico e dimostriamo che gli algoritmi sono diventati l'ultima arma aggiunta al repertorio di strumenti di lotta in possesso dei movimenti sociali. Attingendo a un insieme eterogeneo di esempi e casi di studio (tra cui la nostra ricerca e un database di 250 articoli), proponiamo una tipologia di tre diverse forme di attivismo algoritmico: amplificazione algoritmica, evasione e sequestro. Dimostriamo poi che la lotta per la visibilità (per ottenerla o per negarla) è al centro di tutti questi tipi di attivismo. Nelle conclusioni, riflettiamo sui punti chiave del nostro lavoro, chiarendo che l'attivismo algoritmico (1) va oltre la nozione di "attivismo tramite hashtag" (2) costituisce un concetto agnostico (3) è parte di una lotta politica incessante tra strategie e tattiche algoritmiche.

Treré, E., Bonini, T. (2022). Amplification, evasion, hijacking: algorithms as repertoire for social movements and the struggle for visibility. SOCIAL MOVEMENT STUDIES, 1-17 [10.1080/14742837.2022.2143345].

Amplification, evasion, hijacking: algorithms as repertoire for social movements and the struggle for visibility

Bonini, Tiziano
2022-01-01

Abstract

While scholars of activism have begun to unfold the dynamics of the ‘contentious politics of data’, less explored are the forms of appropriation of algorithms to pursue political objectives by social movements. This article fills this gap by offering a novel theoretical framework, a conceptual vocabulary, and a typology to foreground and articulate algorithmic activism as a subset of algorithmic politics. It starts discussing why an excessive focus on the power of platforms risks disregarding the exploration of agency and provides the definitions of algorithmic agency and politics. Subsequently, it centres on algorithmic activism and demonstrates that algorithms have become the latest addition to the contention repertoire of social movements. Drawing on a heterogeneous set of examples and case studies (including our own research and a database of 250 articles), we propose and examine a typology of three dynamics of algorithmic activism, i.e. algorithmic amplification, evasion, and hijacking. We show that the struggle for visibility (either to achieve it or deny it) lies at the centre of all these types of activism. In the conclusions, we reflect on the key takeaways of our work, clarifying that algorithmic activism (1) exceeds the notion of ‘hashtag activism’ (2) constitutes an agnostic concept (3) is part of an incessant political struggle between algorithmic strategies and tactics.
2022
Treré, E., Bonini, T. (2022). Amplification, evasion, hijacking: algorithms as repertoire for social movements and the struggle for visibility. SOCIAL MOVEMENT STUDIES, 1-17 [10.1080/14742837.2022.2143345].
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1219434