Of the many Italian art exhibitions organized abroad in the 1930s by Antonio Maraini, secretary general of the Venice Biennale and of the ‘Sindacato Nazionale Fascista Belle Arti’, that of Berlin in 1937 had a particular importance. The 1937 exhibition took place at a time of international tensions following the establishment of a political alliance between Italy and Germany. The Ausstellung Italienischer Kunst von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart assumed the significance of a precise action aimed at reinforcing the Rome-Berlin Axis. The German press hailed the exhibition as the “expression of the will of a people who struggles with us shoulder to shoulder, to uphold the values of the European artistic and cultural tradition against Bolshevik nihilism”. Organized in the wake of the Grosse Deutsche Kunstausstellung and the Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich, which Maraini visited and whose concept he fully shared, it was imperative that the exhibition of 19th- and 20th-century Italian art should avoid provoking Hitler’s sensibilities. It had to be aligned as much as possible with his aesthetic doctrine, explicitly detailed in the inaugural speech at the ‘Haus der Deutschen Kunst’ in Munich. Consequently, Maraini adapted the history of Italian art of the previous century and a half, synthetized in the oft-used phrase “From Napoleon to Mussolini”, to Nazi sensitivity. He made a careful selection of artists and works, censoring and revising, eliminating or minimizing anything that might be incompatible with the “Führer’s principles”: from Futurism to Cosmopolitanism, from cerebral, deforming “isms” to disruptive “Jewish tendencies”. Drawing on unpublished archive documents, the article reconstructs the various phases of the exhibition’s realization and analyzes its reception by the German and Italian press, making eloquent comparisons with similar exhibitions organized by Maraini in different political and diplomatic contexts, such as Paris in 1935 and Budapest in 1936.

Tra le molte mostre d’arte italiana organizzate all’estero negli anni Trenta da Antonio Maraini, segretario generale della Biennale di Venezia e del Sindacato Nazionale Fascista Belle Arti, quella di Berlino del 1937 assume un rilievo particolare, collocandosi in un teso scenario internazionale in cui l’alleanza politica tra Italia e Germania è ormai consolidata. La Ausstellung Italienischer Kunst von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart assume infatti la valenza di una precisa azione intesa a rafforzare l’asse Roma-Berlino: una mostra “quale espressione della volontà di restaurazione e conservazione culturale e artistica di un popolo che, nella difesa dei valori della tradizione artistica e culturale europea, lotta con noi spalla a spalla contro il nichilismo bolscevico”, come viene presentata dalla stampa tedesca. Realizzata all’indomani della Grosse Deutsche Kunstausstellung e della mostra dell’arte degenerata a Monaco, che Maraini visita e delle quali condivide appieno l’impostazione, la mostra d’arte italiana dell’Otto e Novecento deve necessariamente non urtare la suscettibilità di Hitler, ma anzi collimare il più possibile con la sua dottrina estetica, perentoriamente esplicitata nel discorso inaugurale della monacense Casa dell’arte tedesca. Di conseguenza, Maraini adatta la storia dell’arte italiana dell’ultimo secolo e mezzo, sintetizzabile nella formula più volte utilizzata “Da Napoleone a Mussolini”, alla sensibilità nazista, compiendo accorte selezioni di autori e opere, effettuando censure e revisioni, eliminando o minimizzando ciò che non è compatibile con i “princìpi del Führer”: dal futurismo al cosmopolitismo, dagli ‘ismi’ cerebrali e deformatori alla disgregante “tendenza ebraica”. Sulla scorta di una inedita documentazione d’archivio, l’articolo ricostruisce le varie fasi di realizzazione della mostra e analizza la sua ricezione sulla stampa tedesca e italiana, tracciando eloquenti raffronti con le analoghe mostre organizzate da Maraini, in differenti contesti di rapporti diplomatici e politici, a Parigi nel 1935 e a Budapest nel 1936.

Quattrocchi, L. (2022). Arte italiana per il nazionalsocialismo. Antonio Maraini e la Ausstellung Italienischer Kunst von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart a Berlino nel 1937. PROSPETTIVA(181-182), 177-186.

Arte italiana per il nazionalsocialismo. Antonio Maraini e la Ausstellung Italienischer Kunst von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart a Berlino nel 1937

Quattrocchi, Luca
2022-01-01

Abstract

Of the many Italian art exhibitions organized abroad in the 1930s by Antonio Maraini, secretary general of the Venice Biennale and of the ‘Sindacato Nazionale Fascista Belle Arti’, that of Berlin in 1937 had a particular importance. The 1937 exhibition took place at a time of international tensions following the establishment of a political alliance between Italy and Germany. The Ausstellung Italienischer Kunst von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart assumed the significance of a precise action aimed at reinforcing the Rome-Berlin Axis. The German press hailed the exhibition as the “expression of the will of a people who struggles with us shoulder to shoulder, to uphold the values of the European artistic and cultural tradition against Bolshevik nihilism”. Organized in the wake of the Grosse Deutsche Kunstausstellung and the Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich, which Maraini visited and whose concept he fully shared, it was imperative that the exhibition of 19th- and 20th-century Italian art should avoid provoking Hitler’s sensibilities. It had to be aligned as much as possible with his aesthetic doctrine, explicitly detailed in the inaugural speech at the ‘Haus der Deutschen Kunst’ in Munich. Consequently, Maraini adapted the history of Italian art of the previous century and a half, synthetized in the oft-used phrase “From Napoleon to Mussolini”, to Nazi sensitivity. He made a careful selection of artists and works, censoring and revising, eliminating or minimizing anything that might be incompatible with the “Führer’s principles”: from Futurism to Cosmopolitanism, from cerebral, deforming “isms” to disruptive “Jewish tendencies”. Drawing on unpublished archive documents, the article reconstructs the various phases of the exhibition’s realization and analyzes its reception by the German and Italian press, making eloquent comparisons with similar exhibitions organized by Maraini in different political and diplomatic contexts, such as Paris in 1935 and Budapest in 1936.
2022
Quattrocchi, L. (2022). Arte italiana per il nazionalsocialismo. Antonio Maraini e la Ausstellung Italienischer Kunst von 1800 bis zur Gegenwart a Berlino nel 1937. PROSPETTIVA(181-182), 177-186.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1189907