Assessment of LoRaWAN Transmission Systems under Temperature and Humidity, Gas and Vibration Ageing Effects within IIoT Contexts

Within the big picture of the Internet of Things (IoT) a brand new paradigm has risen since few years ago in the context of industrial scenarios: the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), whose aim is to transplant all of the features, characteristics and scopes of the IoT into industrial settings. The latter ones might be subject to a wide range of environmental conditions from the point of view of both temperature and relative humidity, along with harmful gases exposure and vibration due to, for instance, machineries. Therefore, whenever their monitoring is performed by means of devoted infrastructures, such extreme working conditions must be born in mind during the pertaining design phases. Mostly, industrial monitoring is put into effect by resorting to wireless sensor networks enabled by Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) techonologies. This set of facilities includes an ample heterogeneity of standards and techniques. However, the Long Range (LoRa) modulation and the LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol extensively proved to be reliable and robust alternatives. Thus, in this paper the variations of hardware performances of a LoRaWAN sensor node, in terms of transmission capabilities, due to the changes of temperature and relative humidity, vibration and gaseous atmospheres like CO, NO and NO2, which are typical of industrial processes, are investigated. In so doing, an ageing process due to the aforementioned phenomena was induced. To this end, a measurement campaign within controlled environments (i.e., a climatic chamber, a fume extraction plant and an adhoc vibration test bench) was sorted out, whose results show a physiological performances drop that neither undermine the network reliability, nor damage the sensor node electronics.