Can opposition parties be responsible?

Opposition responsibility is a neglected field, and if at all noticed, opposition parties are often placed in the irresponsibility frame. The purpose of our paper is to examine to what extent, under which conditions, and in which ways opposition parties can be considered to act responsibly. This article will develop the concept of opposition responsibility and test the expectations in the behaviour of opposition parties in three countries: Hungary, Italy and Spain. The analysis highlights that opposition responsibility exceeds although does not exclude policy making and scrutiny activities as it has broader implications. We shall regard the opposition s general performance and their political system-related behaviour as components of responsibility.