Periprosthetic Atypical Femoral Fractures Exist: A Retrospective Study at a Single Institution. Prevalence on 115 Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Around a Primary Hip Stem

ackground: Some periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) present history and radiographic aspect consistent with an atypical femoral fracture (AFF), fulfilling the criteria for AFF except that PFFs by themselves are excluded from the diagnosis of AFFs. The aim of this study is to evaluate in a single institution series of PFFs if any of them could be considered a periprosthetic atypical femoral fracture (PAFF), and their prevalence. Methods: Surgical records were searched for PFFs around a primary hip stem from January 2013 to December 2019. Cases were classified according to Vancouver classification. Demographic and medical history was extracted. Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results: One hundred fifteen PFFs were identified, 59 of them were type B1 and 16 were type C. Radiographs and medical records were available for all patients. Twenty-four patients (32%) have been treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) for longer than 4 years. Four patients presented a fracture with characteristics of PAFF. When enlarged to all PFFs of the series, no other PAFF was found: prevalence of PAFFs was 5.3% for type B1 and C cases and 3.5% for all surgically treated PFFs. Statistical significative difference between PAFFs and PFFs was found for prolonged BP assumption and for the level of fracture clear of the stem. Conclusion: Fracture with characteristics of AFFs can also happen over a prosthetic stem, configuring themselves as PAFFs, and they are related to prolonged BP use. As a correct diagnosis is mandatory for proper treatment, a revision of criteria for AFFs should be considered, accepting that PAFFs exist. Keywords: atypical femoral fracture; bisphosphonates; periprosthetic atypical femoral fracture; periprosthetic femoral fracture; vancouver B1; vancouver C. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.