Respiratory Mitochondrial Efficiency and DNA Oxidation in Human Sperm after In Vitro Myo-Inositol Treatment

Semen samples are known to contain abnormal amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen free radicals; therefore, the identification of antioxidant molecules able to counteract the oxidative damage caused by ROS is foresight. Indeed, improving semen quality in terms of motility and reduction in DNA damage, can significantly improve the fertilization potential of sperm in vitro. To this regard, myo-inositol, based on its antioxidant properties, has been reported to be effective in improving sperm quality and motility in oligoasthenozoospermic patients undergoing assisted reproduction techniques when used as a dietary supplementation. Moreover, in vitro treatment demonstrated a direct relationship between myo-inositol, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm motility. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of myo-inositol (Andrositol-lab) in vitro treatment on sperm motility, capacitation, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and DNA damage. Our results demonstrate that myo-inositol induces a significant increase in sperm motility and in oxygen consumption, the main index of oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and ATP production, both in basal and in in vitro capacitated samples. Moreover, we provide evidence for a significant protective role of myo-inositol against oxidative damage to DNA, thus supporting the in vitro use of myo-inositol in assisted reproductive techniques. Even if further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant properties of myo-inositol, the present findings significantly extend our knowledge on human male fertility and pave the way to the definition of evidence-based guidelines, aiming to improve the in vitro procedure currently used in ART laboratory for sperm selection.