Voice and Pilates: The influence of Pilates on the singing voice

Introduction: Those who use voice for professional purposes know how crucial it is to regulate posture, breath and voice to get the best vocal performance. Pilates, a fitness system that focuses on breathing and postural control, should be beneficial in optimizing singers’ voice. The present study aims to demonstrate that the practice of Pilates improves the quality of artistic vocal production. Materials and methods: We collected a sample of 15 singing students that underwent ENT examination and filled in a first questionnaire. After that we proceeded to voice recording and acoustic analysis through software Praat. Next, together with a fully qualified Pilates teacher, we identified a few exercises acting on the respiratory muscles, that were explained and practiced during a Pilates lesson. These exercises were performed by each subject on his/her own at least three times a week for two months and together during other two Pilates group lessons. Finally, a second voice recording was performed, using the Praat software and under the very same condition of the first recording and a second self-assessment questionnaire was filled in. Results: The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test revealed that the Fo and Jitter parameters were not normally distributed, while the Shimmer and HNR resulted to be normally distributed. The averages of Shimmer and HNR parameters were thus analyzed through the T Test, while the F0 and Jitter parameters were analyzed through the Wilcoxon test. The analysis revealed that all the four parameters underwent statistically significant changes after the Pilates practice. Questionnaire results revealed that Pilates had a positive effect on voice production (15/15), especially on postural alignment (15/15) and respiratory capacity (13/15). Discussion: In our study the F0 increased after Pilates practice. This finding should be due to changes in the vocal folds length and tension, probably related to the postural exercises that had been performed, which conferred greater elasticity to the muscles. Contrariwise the Jitter parameter after exercising had decreased allowing us to conclude that Pilates helps to reduce vibratory perturbations of the vocal cords during vocal emission. This should have been obtained through a greater control of the respiratory dynamics provided by the exercises. The Shimmer parameter had also diminished, allowing us to hypothesize that the Pilates exercises, acting on the respiratory mechanisms, minimize intensity variations. On the contrary, HNR had increased suggesting that the amount of periodic signal in the voice after Pilates practice is greater than before. Since voices with a higher average HNR tend to be judged as more attractive, our results point to the fact that Pilates practice improves voice quality, as subjectively reported by the participants themselves. Conclusion: Our study has highlighted the positive role of Pilates on vocal production in singing students: in a relatively short time, simple exercises – performed regularly – have shown a significant impact on vocal quality. It is likely that the very same positive effects could also be obtained by other occupational voice users.