This short essay is dedicated to the analysis of the s.c. D’Uva Project: that is the constitutional bill AS 1089 "Provisions regarding the popular legislative initiative and referendum", which is still under I Deliberation, having been approved (in First Reading) only by the Chamber of Deputies on 21 February 2019 and then transmitted to the Senate of the Italian Republic where it is currently being examined by its Constitutional Affairs Standing Committee. The intention of the proposers is to transpose at national level an institute codified in some Italian regional statutes along the lines of comparative experience (especially Swiss and US). It is about the popular initiative in the strict sense which should not be confused with the popular legislative initiative pursuant to art. 71 of Italian Constitution: the latter only concerns the phase of the initiative, without affecting other stages of the legislative process. The D'Uva Project, instead, relates to the constitutive phase of the law formation procedure, forcing Parliament to simply ratify a bill proposed by 500,000 voters, in the absence of which the electoral body is given the power to approve it or reject it, by deliberative referendum. The essay proposes an analysis of the relationship between the objectives of the project and the means put in place to carry them out. First of all, the differences between the new institute and the abrogative referendum bring out the centrality of the principle of discussion in the legislative procedure. Subsequently, the guarantee of this principle is proposed as a litmus test of the correct balance between participative elements and representative elements that characterizes the democratic-pluralistic forms of State. Starting from the current marginalization of the principle of discussion in Parliament and from other practices put in place by the representatives, we understand on the one hand the reason for a reform aimed at remedying the scarce responsiveness of the elected and, on the other, the contraindications of this tool that - also due to some rules of the revision project - could get worse the problem, taking into account the context in which it would be destined to operate. In particular, the unconditional surrender of the Parliament to the Government as regards the contents of the legislation is taking place at the same rate as the establishment of very ambiguous institutional practices with respect to the participative tools already prescribed by the articles 75 and 138 of the Italian Constitution: next to the systematic commitment to ignoring or even neutralize - in the case of an unpleasant outcome - the use of referendums, there is - symmetrically - an attempt to force them to twist in a plebiscitary sense. In light of this context, the changes proposed by the D’Uva Project in relation to the abrogative referendum are also worrying. Considering the norm aimed at lowering the structural quorum, indeed, it could contribute to politically delegitimizing referendum decisions. With regard to the admissibility limits of the new institute and on the basis of the experience relating to the abrogative referendum, it should be added that the constitutional constraints - direct and indirect - introduced over the last decades with respect to the determination of economic policy guidelines could in any case hinder popular initiatives aimed at pursuing economic policies demanded by large sections of the citizenship. To sum up, in light of the inadequacy of the means with respect to the end, and bearing in mind the risks that this reform could entail for the safeguard of our form of state, the author recalls a well-known teaching: to ensure the responsiveness of the elected and to guarantee the balance between participation and representation in the contemporary constitutional State, it is necessary above all to take care of the internal democracy of the political parties.

Il contributo è dedicato all’analisi del c.d. progetto D’Uva. Si tratta del disegno di legge costituzionale AS 1089 “Disposizioni in materia di iniziativa legislativa popolare e di referendum”, che è ancora in fase di I deliberazione, essendo stato approvato (in prima lettura) solo dalla Camera dei Deputati il 21 febbraio 2019 e poi trasmesso al Senato dove è attualmente in corso di esame presso la Commissione Affari Costituzionali. L’intenzione dei proponenti è quella trasporre a livello nazionale un istituto codificato in alcuni Statuti regionali italiani sulla falsariga dell’esperienza comparata (specialmente svizzera e statunitense) ossia la iniziativa popolare in senso proprio (c.d. popular initiative) che non va confusa con l’iniziativa legislativa popolare ex art. 71 Cost: quest'ultima infatti non incide su altri stadi del procedimento legislativo. Il progetto D’Uva invece attiene alla fase costitutiva del procedimento di formazione delle leggi, imponendo al Parlamento la mera ratifica di un articolato presentato da 500.000 elettori, in assenza della quale si attribuisce al corpo elettorale il potere di approvarlo o di respingerlo, mediante referendum deliberativo. Il contributo propone una disamina del rapporto tra le finalità del progetto ed i mezzi posti in essere per realizzarle. All’uopo, una volta evidenziate le differenze tra il nuovo istituto ed il referendum abrogativo, emerge la centralità del principio di discussione nel procedimento legislativo, come cartina tornasole del corretto equilibrio tra elementi partecipativi ed elementi rappresentativi che caratterizza le forme di Stato democratico-pluralistiche. Partendo proprio dalla attuale emarginazione del principio di discussione nelle aule parlamentari e da altre prassi poste in essere dalla rappresentanza, si comprende da un lato il movente di una riforma tesa ad ovviare alla scarsa responsività degli eletti e, dall’altro, le controindicazioni insite in uno strumento che – anche a causa di alcune previsioni del progetto di revisione – potrebbero aggravare il problema, tenendo conto del contesto nel quale esso sarebbe destinato ad operare. In particolare, la resa incondizionata del Parlamento al Governo per quanto concerne i contenuti della legislazione si consuma di pari passo all’affermarsi di prassi istituzionali molto ambigue rispetto agli strumenti partecipativi già prescritti dagli artt. 75 e 138 Cost.: al sistematico impegno profuso nell’ignorare o addirittura vanificare - in caso di esito sgradito - il ricorso ai referendum, si accompagna specularmente il tentativo di forzarne una torsione in senso plebiscitario. Alla luce del suddetto contesto, preoccupano anche le modifiche proposte dal progetto D’Uva in relazione al referendum abrogativo, che potrebbero contribuire a delegittimarne politicamente i responsi a causa del previsto abbassamento del quorum strutturale. A ciò si aggiunga, a proposito dei limiti di ammissibilità del nuovo istituto e sulla base dell’esperienza relativa al referendum abrogativo, che i vincoli di rango costituzionale – diretti ed indiretti - introdotti nelle ultime decadi rispetto alla determinazione degli indirizzi di politica economica potrebbero comunque ostacolare popular initiative dedicate al perseguimento di politiche agognate da larghe fasce della cittadinanza. In definitiva, alla luce della inadeguatezza del mezzo rispetto al fine, e tenendo presenti i rischi che questa riforma potrebbe comportare per la tenuta della nostra forma di Stato, l’Autrice richiama un noto insegnamento: per assicurare la responsività degli eletti e garantire l’equilibrio tra partecipazione e rappresentanza nello stato costituzionale contemporaneo occorre innanzitutto prendersi cura della democrazia interna ai partiti.

Lehner, E. (2019). Popular Initiative e responsività degli eletti: il fine giustifica i mezzi?. STUDI SENESI(3), 561-575.

Popular Initiative e responsività degli eletti: il fine giustifica i mezzi?

EVA LEHNER
2019-01-01

Abstract

This short essay is dedicated to the analysis of the s.c. D’Uva Project: that is the constitutional bill AS 1089 "Provisions regarding the popular legislative initiative and referendum", which is still under I Deliberation, having been approved (in First Reading) only by the Chamber of Deputies on 21 February 2019 and then transmitted to the Senate of the Italian Republic where it is currently being examined by its Constitutional Affairs Standing Committee. The intention of the proposers is to transpose at national level an institute codified in some Italian regional statutes along the lines of comparative experience (especially Swiss and US). It is about the popular initiative in the strict sense which should not be confused with the popular legislative initiative pursuant to art. 71 of Italian Constitution: the latter only concerns the phase of the initiative, without affecting other stages of the legislative process. The D'Uva Project, instead, relates to the constitutive phase of the law formation procedure, forcing Parliament to simply ratify a bill proposed by 500,000 voters, in the absence of which the electoral body is given the power to approve it or reject it, by deliberative referendum. The essay proposes an analysis of the relationship between the objectives of the project and the means put in place to carry them out. First of all, the differences between the new institute and the abrogative referendum bring out the centrality of the principle of discussion in the legislative procedure. Subsequently, the guarantee of this principle is proposed as a litmus test of the correct balance between participative elements and representative elements that characterizes the democratic-pluralistic forms of State. Starting from the current marginalization of the principle of discussion in Parliament and from other practices put in place by the representatives, we understand on the one hand the reason for a reform aimed at remedying the scarce responsiveness of the elected and, on the other, the contraindications of this tool that - also due to some rules of the revision project - could get worse the problem, taking into account the context in which it would be destined to operate. In particular, the unconditional surrender of the Parliament to the Government as regards the contents of the legislation is taking place at the same rate as the establishment of very ambiguous institutional practices with respect to the participative tools already prescribed by the articles 75 and 138 of the Italian Constitution: next to the systematic commitment to ignoring or even neutralize - in the case of an unpleasant outcome - the use of referendums, there is - symmetrically - an attempt to force them to twist in a plebiscitary sense. In light of this context, the changes proposed by the D’Uva Project in relation to the abrogative referendum are also worrying. Considering the norm aimed at lowering the structural quorum, indeed, it could contribute to politically delegitimizing referendum decisions. With regard to the admissibility limits of the new institute and on the basis of the experience relating to the abrogative referendum, it should be added that the constitutional constraints - direct and indirect - introduced over the last decades with respect to the determination of economic policy guidelines could in any case hinder popular initiatives aimed at pursuing economic policies demanded by large sections of the citizenship. To sum up, in light of the inadequacy of the means with respect to the end, and bearing in mind the risks that this reform could entail for the safeguard of our form of state, the author recalls a well-known teaching: to ensure the responsiveness of the elected and to guarantee the balance between participation and representation in the contemporary constitutional State, it is necessary above all to take care of the internal democracy of the political parties.
2019
Lehner, E. (2019). Popular Initiative e responsività degli eletti: il fine giustifica i mezzi?. STUDI SENESI(3), 561-575.
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
Lehner Studi Senesi 3 del 2019.pdf

non disponibili

Tipologia: PDF editoriale
Licenza: NON PUBBLICO - Accesso privato/ristretto
Dimensione 212.85 kB
Formato Adobe PDF
212.85 kB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri   Richiedi una copia

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1089072