Twin pregnancies after assisted reproductive technologies: the role of maternal age on pregnancy outcome

Objectives Our aim was to investigate whether advanced maternal age (≥40 years) still impairs the outcome of twin pregnancies after assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Study design The retrospective observational study evaluated 430 nulliparous dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies conceived with ART. The population was divided into women <40 years old (Group A, n = 265) and ≥40 years old (Group B, n = 165). Results Gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension/preeclampsia were significantly more frequent in nulliparous twin pregnancies after ART ≥40 years compared to <40 years (p = 0.021 and p < 0.001, respectively). In univariate analysis of twin pregnancies after ART, there was only a trend of higher incidence of total preterm birth (PB) rate within mother aged ≥40 years old (p = 0.104). However, Group A showed higher rate of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) <37 weeks, whereas Group B showed significantly higher rate of iatrogenic PB <37 weeks of gestation (p = 0.023 and p = 0.001, respectively). For delivery <32 weeks of gestation, the rate of SPB in Group A was significantly higher (p = 0.002). A higher incidence of PB was observed in Group B after heterologous treatment (p < 0.001). Despite this, the absolute prevalence of PB in the entire population is higher in Group A, both after autologous (22.5%) and heterologous (25%) ART treatment, than in Group B (10.1% vs 21.4%). Conclusions Our data indicate that nulliparous twin pregnancies conceived with ART in mothers ≥40 years old did not show significantly higher incidence of PB, even if an increased rate of iatrogenic PB <37 weeks is showed.