Novel Strategies for Detecting Circulating Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Introduction: The global prevalence of neurological disorders has increased significantly over recent decades, driven primarily by population growth and an aging demographic. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), present a major challenge to global healthcare. Given that these conditions often remain clinically asymptomatic during their initial stages, there is an urgent need to transition from reactive to proactive medicine. The research and validation of circulating blood biomarkers. Objective: This research aims to characterize neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory pathways across a spectrum of disorders by identifying biomarkers that track disease progression from preclinical to advanced stages. Methods: This projects primarily uses Simoa (Single Molecule Array) platform, a highly sensitive technology capable of detecting proteins at sub-picogram concentrations. This approach enables the precise quantification of neurological biomarkers in peripheral blood. Results: Results indicate that the integration of Simoa-based assays significantly enhances the sensitivity and precision of biomarker detection in neurodegenerative disorders. Notably, the inclusion of peripherin provides a distinct diagnostic advantage, enabling a more accurate differentiation between central nervous system pathologies and those specifically involving the peripheral nervous system. Conclusions: The identification of specific blood-based molecular signatures marks a pivotal advancement toward a translational and proactive framework for neurodegenerative disorders. By combining the ultra-sensitivity of the Simoa platform with the neuro-anatomical specificity of markers such as peripherin, this research facilitates the development of minimally invasive diagnostic tools. These innovations are critical for enabling early clinical intervention, ensuring the precise monitoring of disease trajectories, and refining personalized therapeutic strategies.