Unveiling digital technology adoption in the pharmaceutical supply chain: a macro, meso, and micro analysis

This thesis investigates the adoption of Digital Technologies (DTs) within the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain (PSC), addressing the lack of integrated management studies in a context of growing technological relevance and regulatory complexity. The research employs a mixed-methodological approach, combining a macro-level systematic literature review, a meso-level study of inter-organizational dynamics, and a micro-level case study of a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm. Across the three studies, a consistent pattern emerges: despite strong attention to disruptive DTs such as Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, and drones, their implementation in the PSC remains at an early stage, reflecting a persistent gap between market enthusiasm and organizational readiness. The findings show that performance expectancy and facilitating conditions are the most influential determinants of adoption. At the same time, the research highlights the socio-technical nature of DT adoption in the PSC, which requires the co-evolution of digital infrastructures, organizational routines, and human capabilities, as well as collaborative relationships both within organizations and across the PSC. Service providers and HR-oriented initiatives emerge as key drivers of organizations’ transition from the DT adoption decision to implementation. Overall, the thesis advances understanding of DT adoption in the pharmaceutical context and provides actionable guidance for PSC managers and policymakers pursuing sustainable, value-driven digital transformation.