Repurposing plant by-products and waste into sustainable health and cosmetic products: a biochemical characterization study.

The use of plant-based resources, particularly their by-products, is aligned with the principles of sustainability and circular bioeconomy, contributing to environmental preservation. The therapeutic potential of plant extracts is of increasing interest, and this study showcases promising outcomes from extracts obtained from underutilized plant waste or by-products. Chaetomorpha linum, an invasive macroalga from the Orbetello lagoon, displays various therapeutic activities (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, phytostimulant), making it a potential natural source of beneficial compounds for commercial products. Cannabis sativa leaf extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties without harming cells and could be used as a potential therapeutic for arthritic diseases. By incorporating it into a gel formulation with hyaluronic acid, it could provide a sustainable medication for joint inflammation. Finally, Castanea sativa Monte Amiata (IGP) burr aqueous extract demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and preliminary anti-atopic effects, highlighting the potential of this sustainable resource. The extraction of bioactive compounds from plant-based waste and by-products can lead to the development of pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic products, adding value to previously underutilized resources. By using plant waste, we can achieve a sustainable economic model that supports human health while promoting environmental sustainability. Further research is necessary to fully comprehend the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these extracts and explore their potential in commercial applications.