This research focuses on the microcosm of anti-mafia administrative prevention, by which we mean that complex system of measures of different natures and pervasiveness, with which the law aims to hit and stem the spread of the mafia phenomenon in order to safeguard the public safety and public economic order. After years in which it has been considered a niche topic, the issue has attracted the attention of legal science due to the growing litigation, which has highlighted its aptitude to solicit the request for the protection of citizens and economic operators in the face of measures capable of heavily affecting subjective positions endowed with constitutional coverage. Starting from a historical excursus on the origins and reasons that led the anti-mafia discipline towards a progressive specialization with respect to the trunk of administrative prevention tout court, we move on to the analysis of the current legislation, as summarized in the Legislative Decree 6 September 2011, n. 159, focusing on the main substantial and procedural criticalities. In particular, attention is focused on the impact that the latter, based on binomial communication/information, has regarding the side of public contracts. From the interaction with this sphere, which has always been a prime area for the predatory aims of organized crime, anti-mafia prevention sees its incisiveness accentuated. However, the anticipation of the defence threshold against the infiltrative phenomenon determines an inevitable retreat of the protection system, which risks generating tensions in relation to the constitutional and European framework of reference, also considering the ban on gold plating. Starting from this data, the final part of the study is dedicated to the examination of those institutes which, designed to dilute the incapacitating effects of prefectural certifications, have contributed to redesigning the face of the subject in question, leading it towards a more modern resocializing therapeutic approach, such as judicial administration (Article 34 of Legislative Decree No. 159 of 2011), judicial control (Article 34 bis of Legislative Decree No. 159 of 2011), prefectural commissioners (Article 32 of Legislative Decree No. 90 of 2014) and, lastly, collaborative prevention (Article 94 bis of Legislative Decree No. 159 of 2011). Suppose the proliferation of different measures responds to the need for greater flexibility and gradualness of public intervention, which is thus calibrated to the specific case. In that case, allocating the relative competencies to distinct authorities is a source of possible interference. It overlaps not only between jurisdictions but also between the spheres of iurisdictio and administratio. Hence the question regarding the rationality of a system development guideline which, in enhancing an incremental approach, does not always take charge of delimiting the respective areas of relevance, leaving it to the interpreter task of filling gaps and overcoming aporias.

La presente ricerca ha per oggetto il microcosmo della prevenzione amministrativa antimafia, con ciò intendendo quel complesso sistema di misure, di varia natura e di diversa pervasività, con cui l’ordinamento mira a colpire ed arginare il diffondersi del fenomeno mafioso al fine di salvaguardare la pubblica sicurezza e l’ordine pubblico economico. Dopo anni in cui è stato considerato un argomento di nicchia, il tema si è imposto all’attenzione della scienza giuridica in ragione del crescente contenzioso, che ne ha messo in luce l’attitudine a sollecitare la domanda di tutela di cittadini ed operatori economici di fronte a provvedimenti idonei ad incidere pesantemente su posizioni soggettive dotate di copertura costituzionale. Muovendo da un excursus storico sulle origini e sulle ragioni che hanno condotto la disciplina antimafia verso una progressiva specializzazione rispetto al tronco della prevenzione amministrativa tout court, si passa all’analisi della normativa vigente, così come compendiata nel d.lgs. 6 settembre 2011, n. 159, soffermandosi sulle principali criticità di ordine sostanziale e processuale. In particolare, l’attenzione è focalizzata sull’impatto che quest’ultima, fondata sul binomio comunicazione/informazione, ha con specifico riguardo al versante della contrattualistica pubblica. Dalla interazione con tale ambito, da sempre terreno di elezione per le mire predatorie della criminalità organizzata, la prevenzione antimafia vede infatti accentuata la propria carica di incisività. Tuttavia, l’anticipazione della soglia di difesa contro il fenomeno infiltrativo determina un inevitabile arretramento del sistema delle tutele, che rischia di generare tensioni in relazione al quadro costituzionale ed europeo di riferimento, anche alla luce del divieto di gold plating. Partendo da questo dato, la parte finale dello studio è dedicata alla disamina di quegli istituti che, pensati per stemperare gli effetti inabilitanti delle certificazioni prefettizie, hanno contribuito a ridisegnare il volto della materia in esame, traghettandola verso un più moderno approccio terapeutico risocializzante, quali l’amministrazione giudiziaria (art. 34 del d.lgs. n. 159 del 2011), il controllo giudiziario (art. 34 bis del d.lgs. n. 159 del 2011), i commissariamenti prefettizi (art. 32 del d.l. n. 90 del 2014) e, da ultimo, la prevenzione collaborativa (art. art. 94 bis del d.lgs. n. 159 del 2011). Se la proliferazione di misure diverse risponde all’esigenza di una maggiore duttilità e gradualità dell’intervento pubblico, che viene così ad essere calibrato sulla fattispecie concreta, l’allocazione delle relative competenze in capo a distinte autorità è fonte di possibili interferenze e sovrapposizioni non solo tra giurisdizioni ma anche tra le sfere della iurisdictio e della administratio. Da qui l’interrogativo in ordine alla razionalità di una direttrice di sviluppo del sistema che, nel valorizzare un approccio di tipo incrementale, non sempre si fa carico di delimitare i rispettivi ambiti di pertinenza, lasciando all’interprete il compito di colmare lacune e superare aporie.

Muiesan, T. (2023). Le misure amministrative antimafia [10.25434/muiesan-tommaso_phd2023].

Le misure amministrative antimafia

Muiesan, Tommaso
2023-01-01

Abstract

This research focuses on the microcosm of anti-mafia administrative prevention, by which we mean that complex system of measures of different natures and pervasiveness, with which the law aims to hit and stem the spread of the mafia phenomenon in order to safeguard the public safety and public economic order. After years in which it has been considered a niche topic, the issue has attracted the attention of legal science due to the growing litigation, which has highlighted its aptitude to solicit the request for the protection of citizens and economic operators in the face of measures capable of heavily affecting subjective positions endowed with constitutional coverage. Starting from a historical excursus on the origins and reasons that led the anti-mafia discipline towards a progressive specialization with respect to the trunk of administrative prevention tout court, we move on to the analysis of the current legislation, as summarized in the Legislative Decree 6 September 2011, n. 159, focusing on the main substantial and procedural criticalities. In particular, attention is focused on the impact that the latter, based on binomial communication/information, has regarding the side of public contracts. From the interaction with this sphere, which has always been a prime area for the predatory aims of organized crime, anti-mafia prevention sees its incisiveness accentuated. However, the anticipation of the defence threshold against the infiltrative phenomenon determines an inevitable retreat of the protection system, which risks generating tensions in relation to the constitutional and European framework of reference, also considering the ban on gold plating. Starting from this data, the final part of the study is dedicated to the examination of those institutes which, designed to dilute the incapacitating effects of prefectural certifications, have contributed to redesigning the face of the subject in question, leading it towards a more modern resocializing therapeutic approach, such as judicial administration (Article 34 of Legislative Decree No. 159 of 2011), judicial control (Article 34 bis of Legislative Decree No. 159 of 2011), prefectural commissioners (Article 32 of Legislative Decree No. 90 of 2014) and, lastly, collaborative prevention (Article 94 bis of Legislative Decree No. 159 of 2011). Suppose the proliferation of different measures responds to the need for greater flexibility and gradualness of public intervention, which is thus calibrated to the specific case. In that case, allocating the relative competencies to distinct authorities is a source of possible interference. It overlaps not only between jurisdictions but also between the spheres of iurisdictio and administratio. Hence the question regarding the rationality of a system development guideline which, in enhancing an incremental approach, does not always take charge of delimiting the respective areas of relevance, leaving it to the interpreter task of filling gaps and overcoming aporias.
2023
Muiesan, T. (2023). Le misure amministrative antimafia [10.25434/muiesan-tommaso_phd2023].
Muiesan, Tommaso
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1227934