This thesis focus on the provenance study with multidisciplinary approach of sediments and rocks deposited in glacial environments in Antarctica in two distinct temporal contests: the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) which involved Gondwana, and the Cenozoic glacial-interglacial cycles. The common point between the two distinct context is the comparison of glacial depositional systems and the provenance study of different temporal, climatic, paleogeographic, and continental settings, whereas both in the Antarctic continent. The comparison could highlight differences between the two studied glacial settings, and it could be useful both for paleo-geographic and paleo-climatic reconstructions and for future previsions. This work is focused on the study of the gravel fraction (clasts larger than 2 mm), constituting glacial sedimentological facies (i.e., diamictite and conglomerate), through petrographic analyses which allow the direct comparison between clasts and outcropping geology of the glacier’s catchments. Other analytical technologies were used to constrain provenance hypothesis based on clast petrography; in particular, chemical analyses on selected mineralogical phases were carried out. These preliminary data seem to show variations in the chemical composition of biotite in intrusive rocks, and it could be used as a marker for the provenance discrimination of intrusive rocks constituting East and West Antarctica. Moreover, geochronological analyses on detrital zircons, from sand size, were carried out; this is an analytical technique largely used for provenance analysis. This technique allows, if applied on fossil systems, the indirect reconstruction of the paleo-tectonic and paleo-morphologic setting of the study region. The methodologies described have been applied in two different cases study extremely different. The first concerns the glacial sediments deposited during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age which currently crop out in Victoria Land (Antarctica); the petrographic and geochronological analyses, coupled with sedimentological and stratigraphic investigations, allow to better define the distribution of the glacial cover across Gondwana in the early Permian, strengthening the hypothesis of multiple and diachronous ice sheets which developed one of the longest glacial phases of the Earth. The second case study is framed inside the IODP Expedition 374, which aims the understanding of the Antarctic Ice sheets dynamics in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) since early Miocene. Gravel sized clasts within sediment cores were identified and described. The clast petrology, compared with ongoing geochronological, geochemical and thermochronological analyses, allows the reconstruction of the paleo-ice flows in the Ross Sea in the early Miocene to Pliocene.

Questo lavoro di tesi riguarda principalmente lo studio di provenienza di sedimenti e rocce deposti in ambienti glaciali nel continente antartico in due contesti temporali estremamente differenziati, ovvero durante la LPIA (Late Paleozoic Ice Age) che ha interessato il Gondwana, e durante i cicli glaciale-interglaciale del Cenozoico, attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare. Il filo conduttore tra due contesti così distanti è stato quello di confrontare sistemi di trasporto glaciali e di ricostruzione della provenienza dei sedimenti in frangenti temporali, climatici, paleogeografici e geodinamici estremamente diversi, seppure relativi sempre al continente antartico. Questo confronto può anche evidenziare affinità e differenze dei due sistemi glacigenici, che possono essere utili sia per ricostruzioni paleoclimatiche e paleogeografiche, che per la previsione di scenari futuri. Il lavoro di tesi si è basato principalmente sullo studio della frazione grossolana (ciottoli > 2mm) di facies glaciali (diamictiti e conglomerati), attraverso analisi petrografiche, che permettono un confronto diretto con le litologie affioranti nel bacino di alimentazione dei ghiacciai. Alle analisi petrografiche sono state affiancate altre tecniche analitiche in modo da rafforzare le ipotesi di provenienza. In particolare, alla petrografia dei ciottoli sono state affiancate analisi chimiche di alcune fasi mineralogiche. Questi dati preliminari sembrano evidenziare il fatto che la composizione chimica delle biotiti che si trovano all’interno di rocce intrusive può essere un marker discriminante per la provenienza, con particolare riferimento alle rocce intrusive che costituiscono l’Antartide Orientale e Occidentale. Inoltre, sono state effettuate analisi geocronologiche sugli zirconi della frazione sabbiosa, una tecnica largamente utilizzata che fornisce ottimi risultati ai fini di discriminare la provenienza dei sedimenti. In particolare, quest’ultima tecnica permette, se applicata a sistemi fossili molto antichi, di ricostruire indirettamente il contesto tettono-morfologico nell’area di studio. Tali metodologie analitiche sono state applicate su due casi studio estremamente diversi tra di loro. Il primo ha riguardato i sedimenti glaciali deposti durante la Late Paleozoic Ice Age ed attualmente affioranti nella Terra Vittoria in Antartide; le analisi petrografiche e geocronologiche, unite ad indagini sedimentologico-stratigrafiche, hanno permesso di andare a dettagliare la distribuzione della copertura glaciale nel Gondwana durante il Permiano inferiore, rafforzando l’ipotesi che usa serie di calotte glaciali si fossero sviluppate asincronamente durante una delle più durature fasi glaciali della storia della Terra. Il secondo caso studio è inquadrato all’interno della IODP Expedition 374 che mira alla comprensione delle dinamiche delle calotte antartiche nel Mare di Ross (Antartide) dal Miocene Inferiore all’attuale. Sui carotaggi sono stati identificati e descritti dettagliatamente i ciottoli che, confrontando i dati di questo studio, con indagini geocronologiche, termocronologiche e geochimiche tuttora in corso, hanno permesso di avanzare ipotesi sui flussi glaciali presenti nel Mare di Ross negli ultimi 18 Milioni di anni, mettendo in luce la nascita della Calotta Antartica Occidentale marina nel Miocene Inferiore.

Zurli, L. (2022). Provenance analysis of glaciogenic sedimentary formations: cases study from Late Paleozoic Ice Age rocks in Victoria Land (Antarctica) and from Cenozoic DSDP Leg 28 and IODP Expedition 374 cores in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) [10.25434/zurli-luca_phd2022].

Provenance analysis of glaciogenic sedimentary formations: cases study from Late Paleozoic Ice Age rocks in Victoria Land (Antarctica) and from Cenozoic DSDP Leg 28 and IODP Expedition 374 cores in the Ross Sea (Antarctica)

Zurli, Luca
2022-01-01

Abstract

This thesis focus on the provenance study with multidisciplinary approach of sediments and rocks deposited in glacial environments in Antarctica in two distinct temporal contests: the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) which involved Gondwana, and the Cenozoic glacial-interglacial cycles. The common point between the two distinct context is the comparison of glacial depositional systems and the provenance study of different temporal, climatic, paleogeographic, and continental settings, whereas both in the Antarctic continent. The comparison could highlight differences between the two studied glacial settings, and it could be useful both for paleo-geographic and paleo-climatic reconstructions and for future previsions. This work is focused on the study of the gravel fraction (clasts larger than 2 mm), constituting glacial sedimentological facies (i.e., diamictite and conglomerate), through petrographic analyses which allow the direct comparison between clasts and outcropping geology of the glacier’s catchments. Other analytical technologies were used to constrain provenance hypothesis based on clast petrography; in particular, chemical analyses on selected mineralogical phases were carried out. These preliminary data seem to show variations in the chemical composition of biotite in intrusive rocks, and it could be used as a marker for the provenance discrimination of intrusive rocks constituting East and West Antarctica. Moreover, geochronological analyses on detrital zircons, from sand size, were carried out; this is an analytical technique largely used for provenance analysis. This technique allows, if applied on fossil systems, the indirect reconstruction of the paleo-tectonic and paleo-morphologic setting of the study region. The methodologies described have been applied in two different cases study extremely different. The first concerns the glacial sediments deposited during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age which currently crop out in Victoria Land (Antarctica); the petrographic and geochronological analyses, coupled with sedimentological and stratigraphic investigations, allow to better define the distribution of the glacial cover across Gondwana in the early Permian, strengthening the hypothesis of multiple and diachronous ice sheets which developed one of the longest glacial phases of the Earth. The second case study is framed inside the IODP Expedition 374, which aims the understanding of the Antarctic Ice sheets dynamics in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) since early Miocene. Gravel sized clasts within sediment cores were identified and described. The clast petrology, compared with ongoing geochronological, geochemical and thermochronological analyses, allows the reconstruction of the paleo-ice flows in the Ross Sea in the early Miocene to Pliocene.
2022
Talarico, Franco Maria
Zurli, L. (2022). Provenance analysis of glaciogenic sedimentary formations: cases study from Late Paleozoic Ice Age rocks in Victoria Land (Antarctica) and from Cenozoic DSDP Leg 28 and IODP Expedition 374 cores in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) [10.25434/zurli-luca_phd2022].
Zurli, Luca
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1204543