This essay examines the relationship between populism and economics, starting from a definition of "populist economics" as an approach oriented toward immediate popular consensus, expansionary public spending, and the underestimation of risks such as inflation, public debt, and financial instability. After recalling the Dutch tulip bubble of the seventeenth century as the first historical example of collective irrational financial behaviour, the essay reconstructs four crises representative of the phenomenon: the 2008 U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, interpreted as the collapse of "populist finance" within a capitalist economy; the European sovereign debt crisis, and in particular the Greek case, together with the related conditionality measures imposed by the Troika and their constitutional implications; the Argentine crisis, marked by recurrent cycles of indebtedness, hyperinflation, and default; and the Venezuelan crisis, resulting from the combination of populism and a socialist model built on oil rents. The essay also examines the instruments of European economic governance developed in response to the sovereign debt crisis — from the first firewalls (EFSM, EFSF) to the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the Fiscal Compact — and the related legal questions raised before the Court of Justice of the European Union and national constitutional courts. In its conclusions, the Authors identify a common thread running through the four crises examined: the failure of the populist idea applied to economics and finance, with a direct link between the degree of populist permeation and the depth and duration of the crisis.
Il contributo analizza il rapporto tra populismo ed economia, muovendo dalla definizione di "economia populista" come approccio orientato al consenso immediato, alla spesa pubblica espansiva e alla sottovalutazione dei rischi di inflazione, debito e instabilità finanziaria. Dopo un richiamo alla bolla dei tulipani olandesi del Seicento, quale primo esempio storico di comportamento finanziario irrazionale collettivo, il saggio ricostruisce quattro crisi rappresentative del fenomeno: la crisi statunitense dei mutui subprime del 2008, letta come collasso di una "finanza populista" all'interno di un'economia capitalistica; la crisi del debito sovrano europeo e, in particolare, il caso greco, con le connesse condizionalità imposte dalla Troika e le loro implicazioni costituzionali; la crisi argentina, segnata da cicli ricorrenti di indebitamento, iperinflazione e default; e la crisi venezolana, esito dell'incontro tra populismo e modello socialista fondato sulla rendita petrolifera. Il lavoro esamina inoltre gli strumenti di governance economica europea sviluppati in risposta alla crisi del debito sovrano — dai primi firewall (EFSM, EFSF) al Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità (MES) e al Fiscal Compact — e le relative questioni giuridiche sollevate dinanzi alla Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea e ai giudici costituzionali nazionali. Nelle conclusioni, gli Autori individuano un tratto comune alle quattro crisi esaminate: il fallimento dell'idea populista applicata all'economia e alla finanza, con un legame diretto tra grado di permeazione populista e profondità e durata della crisi
Bindi, E. (2026). ECONOMÍA Y POPULISMO: PROMESAS Y REALIDADES. In Manuel Alberto Restrepo Medina (a cura di), Populismo y democracia: Riesgos, tensiones y mecanismos de contención (pp. 229-276). Bogotà : Universidad del Rosario.
ECONOMÍA Y POPULISMO: PROMESAS Y REALIDADES
ELENA BINDI
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
2026-01-01
Abstract
This essay examines the relationship between populism and economics, starting from a definition of "populist economics" as an approach oriented toward immediate popular consensus, expansionary public spending, and the underestimation of risks such as inflation, public debt, and financial instability. After recalling the Dutch tulip bubble of the seventeenth century as the first historical example of collective irrational financial behaviour, the essay reconstructs four crises representative of the phenomenon: the 2008 U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, interpreted as the collapse of "populist finance" within a capitalist economy; the European sovereign debt crisis, and in particular the Greek case, together with the related conditionality measures imposed by the Troika and their constitutional implications; the Argentine crisis, marked by recurrent cycles of indebtedness, hyperinflation, and default; and the Venezuelan crisis, resulting from the combination of populism and a socialist model built on oil rents. The essay also examines the instruments of European economic governance developed in response to the sovereign debt crisis — from the first firewalls (EFSM, EFSF) to the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) and the Fiscal Compact — and the related legal questions raised before the Court of Justice of the European Union and national constitutional courts. In its conclusions, the Authors identify a common thread running through the four crises examined: the failure of the populist idea applied to economics and finance, with a direct link between the degree of populist permeation and the depth and duration of the crisis.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1322654
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