Intra-site spatial analysis at Sambuco Cave: testing digital 3D approach for the interpretation of Upper Palaeolithic behavioural strategies

Sambuco Cave, located in central Italy, preserves a stratified sequence from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Neolithic, making it an important archaeological site. This research combines traditional excavation data with Digital Heritage methodologies to enhance the understanding of site formation and spatial organization within the cave. A 3D GIS-based workflow integrates photogrammetric documentation, lithic analysis, and spatial modelling to reconstruct prehistoric behaviours and identify activity zones. The study highlights the importance of virtual reconstructions in clarifying stratigraphic relationships and interpreting the cave's usage. Results suggest a focused, task-specific occupation pattern, emphasizing short-term use, possibly related to hunting and toolmaking. This innovative approach provides valuable insights into Upper Palaeolithic settlement strategies and offers a new perspective on the spatial organization of prehistoric sites. At present, this paper represents an experimental 3d analytical approach presented here as a methodological test.