Time-relational reading between form and culture: Beykoz Sümerbank industrial heritage complex in Istanbul

This contribution aims to discuss how have been shaped Beykoz Sümerbank industrial heritage site until the 1990s which has been an important exemplar to understand the change as a process with different sub-processes from ottoman industrialisation towards the republican one. To do this, transition moments of the changing process are revisited chronologically, and they are elaborated to see how these moments have reflected into the industrial site by transforming its physical and cultural forms together with the manifested urban life. The trajectory starts with its construction date, and it continues with the republican specific moments including modern and social articulation into the cultural context until the 1970s. The paper concludes the economic restructuring period from the 1970s until the 1990s when the ongoing industrial activity was terminated due to de-industrialization and privatization.