A survey on universal computably enumerable equivalence relations

We review the literature on universal computably enumerable equivalence relations, i.e. the computably enumerable equivalence relations (ceers) which are $\Sigma^0_1$-complete with respect to computable reducibility on equivalence relations. Special attention will be given to the so-called uniformly effectively inseparable (u.e.i.) ceers, i.e. the nontrivial ceers yielding partitions of the natural numbers in which each pair of distinct equivalence classes is effectively inseparable (uniformly in their representatives). The u.e.i. ceers comprise infinitely many isomorphism types. The relation of provable equivalence in Peano Arithmetic plays an important role in the study and classification of the u.e.i. ceers.