Almost maximal growth of the Hilbert function

Let A =S/J be a standard artinian graded algebra over the polynomial ring S. A theorem of Macaulay dictates the possible growth of the Hilbert function of A from any degree to the next, and if this growth is the maximal possible then strong consequences have been given by Gotzmann. It can be phrased in terms of the base locus of the linear system defined by the relevant component(s) of J. If J is the artinian reduction of the ideal of a finite set of points in projective space then this maximal growth for Awas shown by Bigatti, Geramita and the second author to imply strong geometric consequences for the points. We now suppose that the growth of the Hilbert function is one less than maximal. This again has (not as) strong consequences for the base locus defined by the relevant component. And when J is the artinian reduction of the ideal of a finite set of points in projective space, we prove that almost maximal growth again forces geometric consequences.